100年来中国共产党对中央与地方经济关系的探索与完善  

The CPC’s Exploration and Perfection of the Relationships between the Central and the Local Governments in the Past Hundred Years

作　　者：周文[1] 刘少阳 ZHOU Wen;LIU Shaoyang(Fudan University,Shanghai,200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学 [2]复旦大学马克思主义研究院

出　　处：《中国经济问题》2021年第3期5-19,共15页China Economic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(2019MZ019);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(17DZJ011)的资助。

摘　　要：分权是一个世界现象,而增长却不是。中央与地方的经济关系,是我国经济建设中一个十分重要而又长期没有得到根本解决的问题。中国作为一个政治经济发展很不平衡的大国,发展的不平衡不充分问题已经成为满足人民美好生活需要的主要制约因素。如何调动中央与地方两个积极性,一直是中国共产党持续探索、长期致力于解决的问题。在计划经济时期的探索过程中,我国经济权力在中央与地方之间经历了数次的上收和下放,但始终没能找到发挥两个积极性的最佳均衡点。改革开放后,中央与地方政府实现了经济性分权和行政性分权相结合,中央政府、地方政府、企业分别成为资源配置的主体,中国经济增长奇迹的制度动因显然是合理发挥了中央和地方两个积极性的结果。进入新时代,中央与地方的经济关系既体现了集中力量办大事,又调动中央和地方的两个积极性。随着我国发展的主要矛盾转变为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾,处理好中央与地方关系更具有理论价值和鲜明的时代内涵。Decentralization is a world phenomenon, but growth is not. The relationships between the central and the local governments is important and long-term unsolved problem to China’s economic construction. As a big country with unbalanced political and economic development, China’s unbalanced and inadequate development has become a major constraint to meet the people’s needs for a better life. How to give incentives to the central and the local governments has been a problem the Communist Party of China continuously exploring and committed to solve for a long time. During the period of planned economy, China’s economic power has switched several times between collection and decentralization, but it has never been able to find the optimal point to balance the two initiatives. After the reform and the opening up, the central and the local governments achieved the combination of economic decentralization and administrative decentralization. The central government, local government and enterprises have become the main body of resource allocation respectively. The institutional motivation of China’s economic growth miracle is the result of reasonably exerting incentives for both the central and the local governments. Entering the new era, the economic relationships between the central and the local governments not only the concentrate efforts to do great things, but also give incentives to both the central and local governments. As the principal contradiction of China’s development turns into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced and inadequate development, it has more theoretical value and distinct connotation of the times to deal with the relationships between the central and the local governments.

关 键 词：经济关系 区域协调发展 财税体制 国家治理体系 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学] F123.14[政治法律—中外政治制度]