滇池近岸水体微塑料污染与富营养化的相关性  

Correlation Between Microplastics Pollution and Eutrophication in the Near Shore Waters of Dianchi Lake

作　　者：袁海英 侯磊[1] 梁启斌[1] 李佳琛 任甲 YUAN Hai-ying;HOU Lei;LIANG Qi-bin;LI Jia-chen;REN Jia(College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,昆明650224

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第7期3166-3175,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41663016,22066023);云南省应用基础研究项目(2016FB072)。

摘　　要：内陆淡水湖泊微塑料污染受到广泛关注,但与水体富营养化的相关性尚不明晰.在滇池沿岸布设24个采样点,研究了近岸表层水体微塑料丰度、聚合物成分、粒径、颜色及形态,同步测定富营养化相关水质指标并计算富营养化状态指数.结果表明,滇池近岸水体微塑料丰度在800~6000 n·m^(-3)之间,平均为2867 n·m^(-3),检出的聚合物类型主要是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate,PET)、聚醚型聚氨酯(polyetherurethane,PEU)、聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)、聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)和聚醋酸乙烯酯(polyvinyl acetate,PVAc).微塑料粒径以0.2~0.5 mm为主,纤维状微塑料是最主要的检出形态,其次为碎片和薄膜.24个监测点中,处于重度、中度、轻度富营养化和中营养水平的样点数分别占8.33%、58.33%、29.17%和4.17%,主要污染物为总氮(TN).相关性分析发现滇池近岸水体微塑料丰度与TN质量浓度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与叶绿素a(Chl-a)呈负相关,但未达到显著性水平(P>0.05),靠近昆明市主城区的北岸水体中微塑料丰度和TN质量浓度均显著高于其他三岸,主要来源于污水处理厂尾水排放.Microplastics have been found in many environmental media such as sea water,coastal tidal flats,terrestrial water,sediments,and organisms. Microplastics pollution in inland freshwater lakes have received extensive attention;however,the correlation between eutrophication and microplastics pollution in freshwater lakes remains unclear. In this study,24 sampling sites were set up in the near shore surface waters of Dianchi Lake,and the pollution characteristics of microplastics such as abundance,composition,particle size,color,and form were evaluated. Water quality parameters related to eutrophication state were analyzed,and the eutrophication indices were further calculated. Specifically,sample pre-treatment was conducted according to the method issued by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration( NOAA) of the United States. The color and morphological characteristics of microplastic samples were observed using a stereoscopic microscope,and counts and particle size measurements were performed using Nano Measure 1. 2 software. Parts of the samples were selected,and the polymer composition analysis was performed using microFourier Transform infrared( μ-FTIR) spectroscopy. The indices related to eutrophication level evaluation were tested according to the experimental standard methods issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the near shore waters of Dianchi Lake was between 800 and 6 000 n·m^(-3),with an average value of 2 867 n·m^(-3). The types of polymers detected were polyethylene terephthalate( PET),polyetherurethane( PEU),polypropylene( PP),polyethylene( PE),and polyvinyl acetate( PVAc),respectively. The diameter proportion of microplastics in the range of 0. 2-0. 5 mm was the highest. Fiber microplastics accounted for the most observed type,followed by fragments and films. Among the 24 monitoring sites,it was found that proportions of severe,moderate,and mild eutrophication and mesotrophication sites accounted for 8. 33%,58. 3

关 键 词：微塑料 滇池 富营养化 污染特征 近岸水体 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]