潮河流域降雨径流事件污染物输出特征  

Characteristics of Pollutant Dynamics Under Rainfall-Runoff Events in the Chaohe River Watershed

作　　者：包鑫 江燕[1,2] 胡羽聪 BAO Xin;JIANG Yan;HU Yu-cong(State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第7期3316-3327,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201206,2019YFB2102901,2019YFB2102902)。

摘　　要：在半干旱半湿润地区,非点源养分污染的发生主要由降水径流事件驱动,伴随这些短暂脉冲事件流失的养分量决定着一年总的污染排放负荷,因此研究汛期降雨径流事件下水体污染动态特征是半干旱半湿润地区污染负荷模拟及控制的关键.以北京市密云水库上游的潮河流域为研究区域,2018年和2019年汛期进行古北口站和下会站的降雨径流过程水质水量同步监测.结果表明:(1)监测的3场降雨事件(E1、E2和E3)中,E1的降雨量和强度最大,相应的流量和污染物浓度最高;(2)不同降雨事件下,污染物浓度及其变化不同.大暴雨事件和暴雨事件(E1、E3)下,总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH^(+)_(4)-N)、硝氮(NO^(-)_(3)-N)、总磷(TP)和悬浮物(TSS)的浓度与流量变化过程相似;大雨事件下(E2),总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH^(+)_(4)-N)、总磷(TP)和悬浮物(TSS)的浓度与流量变化过程相似,硝氮(NO^(-)_(3)-N)浓度变化与流量相反;(3)不同降雨事件下,不同形态污染物浓度及其变化不同.降雨侵蚀强烈(E1、E2),颗粒态污染物浓度变化明显,与悬浮物(TSS)呈显著正相关关系;降雨未引起土壤侵蚀(E3),氮磷形态以溶解态氮(TDN)和溶解态磷(TDP)为主,浓度变化主要与流量有关;(4)不同降雨事件下,不同站点的流量和污染物浓度不同.强降雨侵蚀事件在古北口表现更明显,引起流量和总磷(TP)、悬浮物(TSS)的变化幅度更大.以上结果可以用来确定降雨事件引发的非点源污染物输出特征,为该地区的汛期水质预测与控制提供参考.In semi-arid and semi-humid areas,the occurrence of non-point source nutrient pollution is mainly driven by rainfall-runoff events,and nutrient loss under rainfall events determines annual total pollution load. Therefore,research on riverine nutrient dynamics under rainfall-runoff events in flood seasons is critical for simulating and controlling pollution load in semi-arid and semi-humid areas.The Chaohe River watershed,upstream watershed of Miyun Reservoir in Beijing was considered as study area,water quantity and quality of rainfall-runoff process at Gubeikou and Xiahui stations were monitored synchronously in flood seasons in 2018 and 2019. The results indicated the following:(1) Among the three rainfall events( E1,E2,and E3),E1 had the highest precipitation and rainfall intensity,and the corresponding discharge and pollutant concentrations were the highest.(2) Under different rainfall events,the pollutant concentrations and their variations were different. The variations of concentrations of total nitrogen( TN),ammonia( NH^(+)_(4)-N),nitrate( NO^(-)_(3)-N),total phosphorus( TP),and total suspended solids( TSS) were similar to the discharge process under the heavy rainstorm event( E1) and the rainstorm event( E3). The concentrations of total nitrogen( TN),ammonia( NH^(+)_(4)-N),total phosphorus( TP),and total suspended solids( TSS) were similar to the discharge process under the heavy rain events( E2),but the variations of nitrate( NO^(-)_(3)-N) concentrations were opposite to those in the discharge process.(3) The concentrations and variations of different forms of pollutants were different under different rainfall events. Under the event of strong rainfall erosion( E1 and E2),the concentrations of particulate pollutants varied significantly,being positively correlated with that of total suspended solids( TSS). For the rainfall event that did not cause soil erosion( E3),the forms of nitrogen and phosphorus were dominated by total dissolved nitrogen( TDN) and total dissolved phosphorus( TDP) respectively,whos

关 键 词：潮河流域 降雨径流事件 非点源污染 污染负荷 污染物动态 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]