冷喷涂技术及其系统的研究现状与展望  

Cold Spray Technology and Its System:Research Status and Prospect

作　　者：黄春杰 殷硕 李文亚[3] 郭学平[4] HUANG Chun-jie;YIN Shuo;LI Wen-ya;GUO Xue-ping(Materials Technology,Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg,Hamburg 22043,Germany;Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering,Parsons Building,Trinity College Dublin,The University of Dublin,Dublin 2,Ireland;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies,State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;Marine Engineering College,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]德国汉堡赫尔穆特-施密特大学/德国联邦国防军大学材料技术研究所,德国汉堡22043 [2]爱尔兰都柏林圣三一大学机械与制造学院,爱尔兰都柏林2 [3]西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室陕西省摩擦焊接工程技术重点实验室,西安710072 [4]集美大学轮机工程学院,厦门361021

出　　处：《表面技术》2021年第7期1-23,共23页Surface Technology

基　　金：德国洪堡基金会;国家自然科学基金(51875471,52061135101);福建省科技计划项目(2019H6017);福建省海洋与渔业局项目(FJHJF-L-2020-6)。

摘　　要：与传统的热喷涂相比,冷喷涂具有沉积温度低、沉积效率高、孔隙率低,以及粉末在沉积过程中不易发生氧化、分解、相变和纳米结构材料的晶粒长大等问题,这使得氧化敏感、温度敏感和相变敏感等材料的高质量涂层制备成为可能。更值得一提地是,近年来冷喷涂工艺与设备的大力发展使冷喷涂作为一种快速固态成形工艺,在金属增材制造和航空航天等关键零部件的损伤修复中得到应用。鉴于目前冷喷涂技术受到国内学者和工业界越来越多的关注,基于大量的文献调研和长期对国内外冷喷涂研发动态的跟踪,对冷喷涂材料种类、涂层典型组织结构与性能及其工艺和设备系统的发展进行了总结。首先,简介了冷喷涂系统的组成结构、喷涂材料的种类及涂层的组织结构与性能;其次,探讨了高压/低压冷喷涂和真空冷喷涂工艺及其设备的发展现状,讨论了基于喷枪或喷嘴设计的冷喷涂工艺设计与优化,如内孔冷喷涂、脉冲式气体冷喷涂和径向冷喷涂,介绍了针对其他技术辅助传统冷喷涂工艺的发展,包括激光辅助冷喷涂、静电辅助冷喷涂、磁场辅助冷喷涂、搅拌摩擦加工辅助冷喷涂增材制造等;最后,指出了冷喷涂工艺及系统发展尚存的关键问题,并对其材料研究和工业应用进行了展望。Cold spray(CS)technology has shown many advantages over the traditional thermal spray methods,such as lower deposition temperature,higher deposition efficiency and lower coating porosity.The inherent deficiencies such as the oxidation,decomposition,phase transformation and grain growth in the nano structured materials associated with fusion of materials can be thus avoided,which allow the deposition of oxidation sensitive materials,thermal sensitive materials and phase transformation sensitive materials.It is worth noting that as the development of cold spray systems it is used as one solid state rapid manufacturing method to realize the industrial applications of metal additive manufacturing and repairing the damaged aerospace component and parts.Due to the fact that cold spray has been increasingly attracted more and more attention from domestic researchers and industries,a detailed summary and discussion on the advancement of cold spray technology and its system based on the literature survey and a long-term tracking of domestic and foreign CS systems were presented.Firstly,the main components for a conventional cold spray system,the sprayed materials and the microstructures-properties of the corresponding deposits were briefly described.Then,the systems and applications of the traditional cold spray technologies,such as high pressure cold spray,low pressure cold spray and vacuum cold spray were discussed.In addition,the novel cold spray technologies developed based on the spray gun design or spray nozzle design(such as the inner diameter cold spray,the pulsed gas dynamic spray,the shock tunnel produced cold spray and the radial supersonic spray),and the hybrid processes of other techniques assisting cold spray(such as,the laser assisted cold spray,the electrostatic force assisted cold spray,the magnetic assisted cold spray and the friction stir processing assisted cold spray additive manufacturing)were analyzed.Finally,the existed key problems of cold spray technologies and its system were pointed out,and the

关 键 词：冷喷涂 材料沉积 结构性能 增材制造 喷嘴设计 工艺设计 

分 类 号：TG174.442[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]