古代丝路上的药物辨伪知识传播——以中世纪伊斯兰市场监察手册为线索  

The Dissemination of Medicine Identification Knowledge along the Silk Road:A Study based on the Handbooks of Market Regulation in Medieval Islamic Countries

作　　者：陈巍[1] 靳宇智 Chen Wei;Jin Yuzhi

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所 [2]北京市回民医院

出　　处：《海交史研究》2021年第2期1-24,共24页Journal of Maritime History Studies

基　　金：中国科学院自然科学史研究所“十三五”重大突破项目子课题“蒙古时代的贸易与欧亚大陆技术知识传播:1200—1400”(项目编号:Y921011007)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：以中世纪伊斯兰市场监察手册所载药物作伪与辨伪知识为线索,概述了这类文献所依托的制度产生、演变、跨文化传播的历程和所载知识的大致内容。通过鸦片、中国大黄、乳香和木香等案例,结合不同文化传统下的博物学和医学重要文献,讨论了自古典时代、中世纪到近代早期,在地中海沿岸、伊斯兰世界、印度和中国等丝路沿线重要文化区域内药物真伪优劣辨察知识的流传和演变情况。认为监察手册所载此方面内容,多直接来源于伊本·西那《药典》和伊本·贝塔尔《单方集成》等权威医书,其最终来源则是通过贸易等渠道作跨文化传播,在长时段上保持稳定的药学知识体系。监察手册中的这类知识是依循其指导纠察市场不法行为的编纂主旨,经筛选过滤后汇集的。Based on the records about medicine adulteration and identification in the medieval Islamic market regulation handbooks,this article gives an overview of the shaping,evolution,and intercultural dissemination of the market regulation mechanism.Studying the literature of natural history and medical science from different cultural backgrounds,this article takes medicinal materials like opium,Chinese rhubarb,frankincense and Radix Aucklandiae as examples and discusses the dissemination and development of the medicine identification knowledge in countries and regions along the Silk Road,such as the Mediterranean countries,the Islamic world,India and China,from classical antiquity,Middle Ages to the early modern times.It is believed that most of such records in the handbooks were cited from authoritative medical books like al-Qānūnfīal-Tibb by Ibn Sīnāand Kitāb al-Jāmi by Ibn al-Baytār,and can ultimately be traced back to the pharmacological system that had been disseminated through trade over a long period of time.These handbooks were written with the aim of checking illegal market activities,and they were compiled after considering various sources of medical knowledge.

关 键 词：丝绸之路 中世纪市场监察手册 药物 辨伪 知识传播 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]