日据时期朝鲜与中国的药材贸易初探  

A Preliminary Study on the Trade of Medicinal Materials between China and Korea under Japanese Occupation

作　　者：黄永远 陈琦[2] Huang Yongyuan;Chen Qi

机构地区：[1]中山大学国际翻译学院朝鲜语系 [2]北京大学医学人文学院

出　　处：《海交史研究》2021年第2期58-77,共20页Journal of Maritime History Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金“冷门‘绝学’”和国别史等研究专项“中医在朝鲜半岛本土化的历史与现状研究”(项目编号:2018VJX064)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：日据时期,汉医药依然是朝鲜社会的主要医疗方式。从中国进口的大量药材对于维持朝鲜的汉药市场和民间医药消费正常运作具有至关重要的作用。这促进了中朝之间药材贸易的活络,但也同时表明了朝鲜对于中国药材的高度依赖。较之进口种类的多样性,朝鲜出口到中国的主要为红参等参类药材。在历史上,朝鲜很早就已开始尝试以自产的“乡药”补充或代替从中国输入的“唐材”,但是这一努力并没有成功。日据时期,包括甘草等关键药材在内,朝鲜依然无法实现自给。这一局面至今仍未彻底改变,提醒我们有必要对二战后韩国建构的所谓“乡药”道地药材观进行审视。韩国解放后盛行的“乡药”论和“身土不二”的言说,其本质更多的是民族国家话语下建构的文化与商业想象。When Korea was under Japanese occupation,Chinese medicinal treatment still played an important role.Large-scale imports of Chinese medicinal materials met the demands of the Korean medicine market and local consumption.This stimulated the trade in medicinal materials between China and Korea,and it reflected Korea’s high dependence on Chinese medicinal materials.However,in terms of the medicinal varieties,the exports from Korea to China were far less than the imports from China.Ginseng,such as red ginseng,was the main such Korean export.Actually,Korea had long been attempting to cultivate or develop its“Hyangyak”(Korean medical materials)as a supplement or replacement of“Tangjae”(Chinese medical materials),but this turned out to be unsuccessful.During the Japanese colonial period,Korea still could not produce some key herbs like licorice.Till now this situation is still unchanged.Thus it is necessary to study the so-called“genuine local medicinal materials”of“Hyangyak”produced by South Korea after World War II.The popular theories of“Hyangyak”and“non-dualism”in South Korea are more of a cultural and commercial imagination arising from the nation-state discourse.

关 键 词：日据时期 朝鲜 中国 药材 贸易 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]