PDMS/PU/沥青纳米纤维膜复合织物的制备及其性能分析  

Preparation and properties analysis of PDMS/PU/pitch nanofiber membrane composite fabrics

作　　者：张庆乐 王晨玫孜 王璐 刘建华 夏鑫[1] Zhang Qingle;Wang Chenmeizi;Wang Lu;Liu Jianhua;Xia Xin(College of Textile and Clothing,Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学纺织与服装学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《产业用纺织品》2021年第5期7-12,21,共7页Technical Textiles

基　　金：新疆特色纺织材料的开发及应用研究创新团队项目(2017D14002);国家级大学生创新项目(201810755016)。

摘　　要：为制备环境友好的防水透湿织物,通过对喷的方式,以涤棉机织物为接收基布,使用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)和聚氨酯(PU)为原料,利用静电纺丝技术制备PDMS/PU纳米纤维膜,然后采用静电喷雾法将沥青微球引入该纳米纤维膜,构建特殊微纳米结构,制得PDMS/PU/沥青纳米纤维膜复合织物。探究沥青质量分数对其表面形貌、防水性能、透湿透气性能和力学性能影响。结果表明当PDMS/PU纺丝液中PDMS与PU质量配比为5∶5,沥青纺丝液中沥青质量分数为10%时,所得PDMS/PU/沥青纳米纤维膜复合织物的表面呈特殊微纳米结构,静态水接触角达152°,疏水性最为优异,具有超疏水效果;透湿率为5662.05 g/(m2·24 h),透气率为87.64 mm/s,经向拉伸断裂强力和顶破强力分别为922.0 N和550.0 N,相比于基布提高了17.0%和10.9%。PDMS/PU/沥青纳米纤维膜复合织物达到了防水透湿织物的要求。In order to prepare environment-friendly waterproof and moisture permeable fabric,the PDMS/PU nanofiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning technology with polyester-cotton woven fabric as receiving substrate and PDMS and PU as raw materials through the way of spray.Then the PDMS/PU/pitch nanofiber membrane composite fabric was prepared through introducing the pitch microspheres onto the nanofiber membrane by electrostatic spraying method to construct special micro-and nano-structures.And the effects of pitch mass fraction on its surface morphology,waterproof performance,moisture and air permeability and mechanical properties were explored.The results showed that,when the ratio of m(PDMS)to m(PU)in PDMS/PU spinning solution was 5∶5,and the mass fraction of pitch in pitch spinning solution was 10%,the surface of PDMS/PU/pitch nanofiber membrane composite fabric had a special micro-and nano-structure,and the static water contact angle reached 152°.The composite fabric had the best hydrophobicity and superhydrophobic effect.The moisture permeability could reach 5662.05 g/(m2·24 h),and the air permeability was 87.64 mm/s.The longitudinal tensile strength and bursting strength were 922.0 N and 550.0 N respectively,which increased by 17.0%and 10.9%compared with the substrate.The PDMS/PU/pitch nanofiber membrane composite fabric met the requirements of waterproof and moisture permeable fabrics.

关 键 词：PDMS PU 沥青 纳米纤维膜 复合织物 静电喷雾 表面形貌 防水性能 透湿透气性能 力学性能 

分 类 号：TS174.8[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]