电动汽车-路面系统机电耦合建模及非线性振动分析  

Electromechanical coupling modelling and nonlinear vibration analysis of an electric vehicle-road system

作　　者：冯桂珍[1,2,3] 李韶华 赵文忠[4] FENG Guizhen;LI Shaohua;ZHAO Wenzhong(State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety in Train Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;School of Traffic and Transportation,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;Hebei Transportation Investment Group Corporation,Shijiazhuang 050091,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,石家庄050043 [2]石家庄铁道大学交通运输学院,石家庄050043 [3]石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院,石家庄050043 [4]河北交通投资集团公司,石家庄050091

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2021年第14期18-26,76,共10页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11972238,11872255)。

摘　　要：轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的簧下质量增大,导致轮胎动载荷增加,同时电机电磁力和转矩波动对车轮造成电机激励,车轮振动进一步加剧汽车振动。鉴于此,考虑电机的电磁激励,建立了5自由度电动汽车-路面系统机电耦合非线性动力学模型,推导了路面振动引起的二次激励,分析了电动汽车的振动响应受路面不平顺、电机激励、路面二次激励综合作用的影响规律,以及车速和非线性参数对汽车响应的影响。结果表明:电机激励对非线性汽车模型的轮胎动载荷和车体加速度影响最大,悬架动挠度和俯仰角加速度的影响次之,座椅加速度的影响较小;在考虑电机激励的综合作用下,非线性模型对汽车响应的性能指标明显优于线性模型,尤其以轮胎动载荷最为显著;汽车系统的非线性参数中,悬架刚度平方非线性系数对汽车响应的影响最大,悬架阻尼不对称系数和轮胎非线性刚度系数的影响次之,悬架刚度立方非线性系数的影响最小。所建电动汽车-路面系统机电耦合模型及研究思路可为电动汽车动力学分析提供参考与理论支持。The large unsprung mass of an electric vehicle driven by the hub motor results in the increase of the dynamic tire load.At the same time,the electromagnetic force and torque fluctuation of the motor excite the wheel,and the wheel vibration will further aggravate the vehicle vibration.Accordingly,considering the electromagnetic excitation of the motor,a five degrees of freedom nonlinear mechanical and electrical coupling dynamic model of an electric vehicle road system was established,the expression of the secondary excitation caused by the road vibration was derived,and the influences of the road roughness,the motor excitation and the secondary excitation of the road on the vibration response of the electric vehicle were analyzed.The influences of the vehicle speed and the nonlinear parameters on the vehicle response were also analysed.The results show that the motor excitation has the greatest influence on the dynamic tire load and the vehicle body acceleration by the nonlinear vehicle model,the suspension dynamic deflection and the pitching angle acceleration are the second and the seat acceleration has the smallest influence.Under the comprehensive action of the motor excitation,the vehicle response performance index of the nonlinear model is obviously better than that of the linear model,especially the dynamic tire load is the most evident.Among the nonlinear parameters of the electric vehicle system,the square nonlinear coefficient of the suspension stiffness has the greatest influence on the vehicle response,the asymmetric coefficient of the suspension damping and the nonlinear coefficient of the tire are the second,and the cubic nonlinear coefficient of the suspension stiffness has the least influence.The electromechanical coupling model and research ideas of the electric vehicle road system provide a reference and theoretical support for the dynamic analysis of electric vehicles.

关 键 词：电动汽车 机电耦合振动 非线性 路面二次激励 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程] U461.1[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]