奶牛乳汁中微生物群落结构变化及其影响因素的研究进展  

Research Progress on Changes of Microbial Community Structure and Its Influence Factors in Milk of Dairy Cows

作　　者：詹经纬 童津津 熊本海[2] 蒋林树 ZHAN Jingwei;TONG Jinjin;XIONG Benhai;JIANG Linshu(Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cattle Nutrition,Institute of Animal Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China;Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院动物科学技术学院,奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室,北京102206 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第7期3686-3692,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：北京市教委重点项目(20JF0008);国家自然科学基金项目(31802091)。

摘　　要：乳腺为微生物的生长繁殖提供了良好的生长环境,微生物也为机体发挥一些重要的生理功能。随着16S rRNA基因测序等其他分子生物学技术的成熟,人们对乳汁中微生物区系结构的理解也愈加深入。健康奶牛的乳汁及初乳中具有丰富的微生物多样性和特殊的微生物区系,若菌群结构紊乱则会发生乳腺炎,伴随着微生物多样性的显著降低。据报道,影响乳汁微生物区系变化的因素主要包括奶牛的基因型、代谢紊乱及饲养条件等,而抗生素的使用不会对其造成显著持久的影响。这说明乳汁中微生物区系不仅受到机体的严格调控,并且具有较强的自我调节能力。本文对以上内容进行综述,旨在为更全面地了解乳汁微生物区系的特点,并在将来通过乳汁微生物区系指征乳腺健康状况提供理论基础。The mammary gland provides a very well environment for the microorganisms growth and reproduc⁃tion,and the microorganisms also play important physiological functions for the body.With the molecular biol⁃ogy techniques development,such as high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing,which shown a deeper un⁃derstanding of the milk microflora structure.Healthy dairy cows have rich microbial diversity and special micro⁃bial flora in milk or colostrum.While mastitis will occur if the structure of microflora is disordered,accompan⁃ying with a significant decrease in microbial diversity.It has been reported that many factors affect the milk mi⁃croflora,such as the genotype,physiological status and feeding conditions and so on.Specially the microflora in the mammary gland is not only strictly regulated by the body,but also has a strong ability on self⁃regulation.It was proved that antibiotics would not have a significant and lasting effect on it.In this review,we provide perspectives on investigations of milk microflora characteristics and to indicate breast health status by milk mi⁃croflora in the future.

关 键 词：奶牛 乳汁 微生物区系 菌群结构 营养因素 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]