添加残次苹果发酵物对玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响  

Effects of Adding Defective Apple Fermentation on Quality of Corn Straw Silage

作　　者：郭睿 艾琪 陈亚飞 苏华维[3,4] 蒋慧 蒋涛[1,2] GUO Rui;AI Qi;CHEN Yafei;SU Huawei;JIANG Hui;JIANG Tao(College of Animal Science,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology,Alar 843300,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学动物科学学院,阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木畜牧科技兵团重点实验室,阿拉尔843300 [3]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193 [4]动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第7期3970-3979,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31260562);教育部基本科研业务费——对口支援科研合作基金项目(2019TC156);兵团塔里木畜牧科技重点实验室项目(HS201701);中国农业大学-塔里木大学联合基金项目(ZNLH201902);兵团财政科技计划资助项目(2021DB015)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨添加残次苹果发酵物对玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响以及适宜添加比例。按残次苹果发酵物和玉米秸秆重量添加比例0∶10(Ⅰ组)、1∶9(Ⅱ组)、3∶7(Ⅲ组)、5∶5(Ⅳ组)、7∶3(Ⅴ组)混合进行青贮,每个比例3个重复。青贮90 d后,测定混合青贮饲料的营养水平和发酵品质以及有氧暴露情况下pH及乳酸菌、酵母菌和霉菌数量的动态变化。结果表明:与未添加残次苹果发酵物相比,添加30%及以上的残次苹果发酵物使青贮原料的粗蛋白质和可溶性碳水化合物含量显著增加(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著降低(P<0.05);未添加残次苹果发酵物的青贮饲料感官品质为中,而添加残次苹果发酵物显著改善青贮饲料的感官品质;发酵产物中,乳酸、乙酸、丙酸含量和乳酸/总酸随着残次苹果发酵物添加比例的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),而乙酸/总酸和氨态氮/总氮随残次苹果发酵物添加比例的增加而显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅲ组的丁酸含量和丁酸/总酸显著低于其他组(P<0.05);未添加残次苹果发酵物的青贮饲料发酵品质综合评分为中,而添加残次苹果发酵物的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组综合评分分别为良、优、优和优。在有氧暴露过程中,随着时间的延长,各组的pH及酵母菌、霉菌数量逐渐增多,乳酸菌数量逐渐减少;Ⅰ组的乳酸菌数量始终显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),酵母菌和霉菌数量始终显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);从有氧暴露第1天起,Ⅲ组的乳酸菌数量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的pH及酵母菌、霉菌数量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加残次苹果发酵物能改善玉米秸秆青贮品质,其添加比例在3∶7~5∶5适宜。The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of defective apple fermentation on the quality of corn straw silage and the appropriate addition ratio. Mixed silage was carried out according to the weight ratio of defective apple fermentation and corn straw at 0∶10(groupⅠ),1∶9(groupⅡ),3∶7(groupⅢ),5∶5(groupⅣ),7∶3(groupⅤ),respectively,and 3 replicates for each group. After 90 days of silage,the nutrient levels and fermentation quality of the mixed silage was determined as well as the dynamics of pH,number of lactic acid bacteria,yeasts group and mold under aerobic exposure. The results showed that the addition of30% or more of defective apple fermentation increased significantly the crude protein and water soluble carbohydrate contents of the silage materials and decreased significantly the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber(P<0.05);the sensory quality of silage without adding defective apple fermentation was medium,while the treatment with adding defective apple fermentation improved significantly the sensory quality of the silage;in the fermentation products,number of lactic acid,acetic acid,propionic acid and lactic acid/total acid increased significantly with the increase of the percentage of defective apple fermentation(P<0.05),while acetic acid/total acid and ammonia/total nitrogen decreased significantly with the increase of the percentage of defective apple fermentation(P<0.05),the content of butyric acid and the ratio of butyric acid to total acid were lower significantly in groupⅢthan those in the other groups(P<0.05);the score for the fermentation quality of silage without adding defective apple fermentation was medium,while the score for groupsⅡ, Ⅲ, ⅣandⅤwith adding defective apple fermentation were good,excellent,excellent and excellent.During aerobic exposure,with the extension of time,the pH,the number of yeast and mold increased gradually,the number of lactic acid bacteria decreased gradually in each group;the number of lactic acid bac

关 键 词：残次苹果发酵物 玉米秸秆 混合青贮 发酵品质 微生物数量 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]