乌海至玛沁高速公路中卫段风沙环境特征及沙害防治  

Aeolian sand environments and disaster prevention along Zhongwei section of theWuhai-Maqin Highway

作　　者：张克存 安志山 何明珠 张凌云 王金国 侯永刚 ZHANG Kecun;AN Zhishan;HE Mingzhu;ZHANG Lingyun;WANG Jinguo;HOU Yonggang(Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Ecology and Environment Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Transportation Department of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750001,Ningxia,China;Ningxia Investment Engineering Construction Management Co.,Ltd.,Yinchuan 750000,Ningxia,China;Ningxia Highway Survey and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Yinchuan 750000,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院敦煌戈壁荒漠生态与环境研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]宁夏交通运输厅,宁夏银川750001 [3]宁夏交投工程建设管理有限公司,宁夏银川750000 [4]宁夏公路勘察设计院有限责任公司,宁夏银川750000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2021年第4期983-991,共9页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：宁夏交通厅公路工程科研项目(WMKY1);国家自然科学基金项目(41871016)资助。

摘　　要：乌玛高速公路是《国家公路网规划》中内蒙古乌海至青海玛沁高速公路的简称,对宁夏自治区沿黄经济带发展有着重要意义。通过野外观测和实地考察,对乌玛高速公路腾格里沙漠段风能环境、沙丘类型、地表沉积物进行分析。研究表明:观测期间年平均风速2.86 m·s^(-1),大于起沙风年均风速为6.23 m·s^(-1);起沙风以5~9 m·s^(-1)为主,占比达96.36%;主导风向为NW-NNW和E-ESE。沿公路自NE向SW方向,输沙势和最大可能输沙量呈减小趋势。公路两侧沙丘以流动沙丘为主,沙丘类型包括格状沙丘和线性沙垄等。在风力作用下,格状沙丘主梁沿NE-SW延伸,沙丘高度自NE向SW方向呈增高趋势。公路沿线沙丘表层沉积物以中沙和细沙为主,分选性较好,偏度为正偏或极正偏,中等和宽峰态分布。The Wuhai-Maqin Highway is of great significance to the formation of urban agglomerations and regional economic development in northwest China.To prevent the highway from being threatened by wind-sand hazards,field observations and investigations of aeolian environments,dune types and their distribution rules,and the characteristics of the surface sediment along the Wuhai-Maqin Highway were conducted.During the observational period,the results show that the average annual wind speed was 2.86 m·s^(−1).The annual value of the sand-drifting wind was 6.23 m·s^(−1).The major directions were NW-NNW and E-ESE.From northeast to southwest,the sand transport potential and maximum possible sand transport show a decreasing trend but still belong to low wind energy environments.All the dunes in the plots were mobile dunes,except in plot 5,where the dunes were fixed.The type of dunes was primarily grid dunes.Under the action of wind,the main beams of the grid dunes primarily extend NE-SW.Moreover,from the northeast to the southwest,the height of the typical dunes increase as a result of the altitude and local environment.The grain sizes of the surface sediments of the dunes in the study area correspond primarily to medium and fine sands,with good sorting properties.The skewness is positive or extremely positive,and the kurtosis is medium and broad.Based on the above results,a comprehensive protection system of“six belts in one”is proposed to ensure the safe operation of the Wuhai-Maqin Highway.

关 键 词：起沙风 输沙势 格状沙丘 乌玛高速公路 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]