欧盟对华政策三大新变化及中欧关系发展趋势  

Changes in EU’s China Policy and the Future of Sino-EU Relations

作　　者：冯怡然 Feng Yiran

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京100872

出　　处：《国际论坛》2021年第4期81-98,158,159,共20页International Forum

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中国人民大学欧洲问题研究中心重大项目“退欧背景下英国与欧盟关系及其对中国的影响”(项目编号:17JJDGW013)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自2016年以来欧盟内部就调整对华政策的必要性逐渐达成共识,2019年欧盟出台题为《欧盟—中国:战略展望》的政策文件,标志着欧盟对华政策发生了变化。欧盟对华新政策强调中欧在经济和制度等方面的竞争性。具体表现在:欧盟对中国的定位由单一性转变为多面性,即中国既是欧盟的合作伙伴,又是经济技术竞争者和制度性对手;设立对外国投资的审查制度以及酝酿出台针对外国政府补贴的反补贴法等;努力使欧盟成员国与中国打交道时采取步调一致的“全欧盟”方式。近年来随着中欧实力对比变化,欧盟认为中国崛起给欧洲带来的挑战和机遇的平衡已被打破,而这正是推动欧盟调整其对华政策的重要考虑。同时,欧盟对华政策酝酿变化正好与中美关系全面紧张同步发生,欧盟对华政策的调整无疑受到了美国因素的影响。随着欧盟调整对华政策,未来中欧关系的竞争面将增大,拜登上台后欧美协调增大也将对中欧关系产生消极影响,但中欧之间仍具有很大的合作空间,欧盟不会完全追随美国对华政策。Since 2016,there has been an increasing consensus within the EU on the need to adjust its China policy.The EU-China Strategic Outlook launched by the European Commission in 2019 marked this significant adjustment.The new EU policy towards China underlines the competition of the two sides in both economic and political areas.Specifically,the EU’s perception of China has changed from being unidimensional to multi-dimensional,viewing China not only as a partner but also as an economic competitor and a systemic rival.The EU has introduced a foreign investment review mechanism and is considering an anti-subsidy law that deals with subsidies by foreign governments.It also attempts to get members states to deal with China in a more unified,“whole-of-EU”approach.In recent years,with the changing balance of power between China and Europe,the EU has come to realize that the balance of the opportunities and challenges presented by China has shifted.This is the most important consideration behind the EU’s policy adjustment.At the same time,the adjustment is also influenced by the U.S.factor since the change of the EU’s China policy has coincided with rising tensions between the U.S.and China.With the EU policy adjustment,China-EU relations will become more competitive,especially given the negative impact of increasing U.S.-EU coordination after Biden became president.But there is still ample room for cooperation,and the EU will not always follow the U.S.in terms of its approach to China.

关 键 词：欧盟对华政策 中欧关系 “全欧盟” 美国外交 中美欧关系 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]