秋耕对季节性冻融土壤水热盐运移规律的影响  

Effects of Autumn Tillage on Water,Heat and Salt Transport in Seasonal Frozen Thawed Soil

作　　者：孙开 王春霞[1,2] 吴晨涛 王雅琴 贺天明[1,2] SUN Kai;WANG Chun-xia;WU Chen-tao;WANG Ya-qin;HE Tian-ming(College of Water&Architecture Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]石河子大学现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第7期46-50,59,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“西北内陆区保水节水技术集成与应用”(2017YFC0404304);国家自然科学基金项目“干旱区膜下滴灌农田生态系统水盐与养分运移及环境效应”(U1803244)。

摘　　要：为了探明秋耕处理模式对北疆季节性冻融土壤水热盐运移规律的影响,对比分析了翻耕(FG)、免耕(MG)、垄沟(LG)、翻耕秸秆覆盖(FJ)、翻耕活性炭覆盖(FH)5种秋耕处理下土壤温度、含水率和电导率时空变化规律的差异。结果表明:不同秋耕处理改变了土壤的冻结、融化过程,维持冻融期土壤温度序列稳定的能力FJ>FH>LG>MG>FG。冻融期前后,FJ、FH和LG处理明显增加了耕作层0~60 cm土层的含水率,同时土壤电导率也明显下降,蓄水能力FJ>FH>LG,抑盐能力FH>FJ>LG。冻结过程使各处理对土壤水热盐运移的影响趋于一致,土壤温度、含水率、电导率之间均呈显著或极显著的线性相关关系;融化期间,FJ和FH处理土壤温度、含水率、电导率相互之间均呈显著或极显著的正相关关系,而FG、MG和LG处理3者间无明显的线性关系。研究结果证明了通过秋耕处理调控冻融期土壤墒情的可行性。In order to investigate the effects of autumn tillage treatment modes on the water,heat and salt transport patterns of seasonal freeze-thaw soils in the northern Xinjiang,this paper compared and analyzed the differences in the spatial and temporal patterns of soil temperature,moisture content and conductivity under five autumn tillage treatments,including tillage(FG),no-tillage(MG),monopoly furrow(LG),tillage straw mulch(FJ)and tillage activated carbon mulch(FH).The results showed that different autumn tillage treatments changed the freezing and thawing process of soil.The order of the ability to maintain stable soil temperature during the freeze-thaw period was FJ>FH>LG>MG>FG.Around the freeze-thaw period,FJ,FH and LG treatments significantly increased the water content of the 0~60 cm soil layer in the tillage layer,while the soil conductivity also significantly decreased,which was shown in the order of the water storage capacity of FJ>FH>LG and the salt suppression capacity of FH>FJ>LG.The freezing process made the effects of each treatment on soil hydrothermal salt transport converge,and there was a significant or highly significant linear correlation among soil temperature,water content and conductivity;during the thawing period,soil temperature,water content and conductivity of FJ and FH treatments showed a significant or highly significant positive correlation with each other,while there was no significant linear relationship among FG,MG and LG treatments.The study results demonstrated the feasibility of regulating soil moisture during freeze-thaw period by autumn tillage treatment,which was of practical guidance for guiding agricultural production in the northern Xinjiang.

关 键 词：秋耕 季节性冻融土壤 土壤水热盐运移 北疆 耕作方式 季节性冻融 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV213[农业科学—农业工程]