修剪时间与部位对澳杧树体发育和产量的影响  

Effects of pruning time and position on growth and yield of‘R2E2’mango

作　　者：孟富宣[1] 刘海刚[1] 段元杰 孙漫莹 阳世莹 杨玉皎 方海东[1] MENG Fuxuan;LIU Haigang;DUAN Yuanjie;SUN Manying;YANG Shiying;YANG Yujiao;FANG Haidong(Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Botanical Garden,Yuanmou,Yunnan 651300,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所/元谋干热河谷植物园,云南元谋651300

出　　处：《亚热带农业研究》2021年第2期103-107,共5页Subtropical Agriculture Research

基　　金：云南省科技计划项目(2019BC001)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究修剪时间及剪口部位对澳杧树体发育和次年产量的影响,以确定理想的修剪时间和剪口部位。[方法]采果后,分别于6月25日、7月25日和8月25日在顶端第1蓬密节下方2 cm、顶端第2蓬密节上方2 cm和顶端第2蓬密节下方2 cm进行修剪,以不修剪为对照。观测修剪时留下的老叶片数(芽眼数)、新梢叶片数、抽梢次数、花序数;测定母枝茎径、新梢长、新梢粗、新梢叶片长宽、花序长;记录盛花期、成熟期和每株的产量、结果数,并计算平均单果重。[结果]修剪时间和部位对澳杧树体生长发育及次年产量的影响较大。6月25日修剪且剪口在第2蓬密节上方2 cm,最有利于澳杧树体发育,且次年的花序数量、花序长、单株结果数和单株产量最大。同一修剪时间下,不同剪口部位的花序数和花序长差异不大;不同剪口部位的单株结果数及产量表现为:顶端第2蓬密节下方2 cm>顶端第2蓬密节上方2 cm>顶端第1蓬密节下方2 cm。6月25日修剪的植株盛花期和成熟期较7月25日和8月25日修剪的植株均提前了15~20 d。[结论]在金沙江干热河谷区,6月中下旬修剪最有利于澳杧树体发育,采果后回缩修剪最理想的部位为顶端第2蓬密节下方2 cm,有利于抽发更多的新梢且新梢萌发次数较多,新梢健壮、老熟早,盛花期和果实成熟期也相对提早,开花后花序长质量好,能大幅度提高产量。[Purpose]To study the effects of different pruning time and cutting position on the growth and yield of‘R2E2’mango in the next year and to develop a sound pruning plan.[Method]After fruit-picking,pruning was carried out at the positions which were 2 cm below the dense node of the first canopy from the treetop,2 cm above and below the dense node of the second canopy on June 25,July 25 and August 25,respectively.The control was not pruned.The number of old leaves(the number of bud eyes),new shoot leaves,new shoots and inflorescences were recorded.The stem diameter,shoot length,shoot thickness,leaf length and inflorescence length of the mother branch were measured.Finally,the time to full bloom and maturity,and the yield and fruit number of each plant were recorded,together with the average single fruit weight.[Result]The pruning time and cutting position affected the growth,development,and the yield formation of the next year.Pruning on June 25,with the cutting position being 2 cm above the dense node of the second canopy,was most conducive to the development of‘R2E2’mango,resulting in the most number of inflorescences,longest inflorescences,largest fruit number per plant and highest yield for the next year.In the same pruning time,the number and length of inflorescences in different pruning parts were not significantly different.The order of fruit number and yield per plant of different cutting positions were as follows:2 cm below the dense node of the second canopy>2 cm above the dense node of the second canopy>2 cm below the dense node of the first canopy.The plants pruned on June 25 bloomed and matured 15-20 days in advance than those pruned on July 25 and August 25.[Conclusion]In the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River,pruning on June 25th is most favorable for the growth of‘R2E2’mango.Retracting pruning,cutting from the position which was 2 cm below the dense node of the second canopy,is conducive to the germination of new shoots with higher frequency,robust growth,and advanced flowering and maturity.W

关 键 词：澳杧 修剪时间 剪口部位 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S436.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]