外源脱落酸对NaCl盐胁迫下玉米幼苗生长、气孔特征及光合性能的影响  

Effects of exogenous abscisic acid(ABA)on the growth,stomatal traits,and photosynthesis of maize seedlings under NaCl stress

作　　者：张浩 吴子龙 付伟 叶嘉 马杰 郝立华[2] 常志杰 郑云普[2] ZHANG Hao;WU Zi-long;FU Wei;YE Jia;MA Jie;HAO Li-hua;CHANG Zhi-jie;ZHENG Yun-pu(College of Life Science and Engineering,Handan Universityy Handan 056005,Hebei,China;School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,China;Wild Plant Resources Research Centre in Taihang Mountain of Southern Hebei Province,Handan 056005,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]邯郸学院生命科学与工程学院,河北邯郸056005 [2]河北工程大学水利水电学院,河北邯郸056038 [3]河北省高校冀南太行山区野生资源植物应用研发中心,河北邯郸056005

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第7期2005-2015,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071608);河北省重点研发计划项目(18226435);邯郸市科技专项计划项目(19422011008-47);邯郸学院校级项目(2018104);邯郸学院高层次科研育苗工程项目(XZ2019310)资助。

摘　　要：为探究脱落酸对盐胁迫下玉米气孔特征和光合性能的影响,以玉米品种"京科665"为试材,利用100 mmol·L^(-1)的NaCl溶液模拟盐胁迫环境,以不施加NaCl溶液和ABA的处理为对照,研究了外源脱落酸(0、1、2.5、5和10μmol·L^(-1))对NaCl盐胁迫下玉米幼苗生长、气孔特征和光合性能的影响。结果表明:外施脱落酸能够显著提高盐胁迫下玉米的株高、叶长、根冠比、地上生物量和总生物量(P<0.01);外施脱落酸能够减小叶片近轴面的气孔宽度(P=0.001)和气孔面积(P<0.001),但远轴面的气孔宽度(P=0.001)和气孔面积(P=0.012)却随着脱落酸浓度的提高而增加,且均在脱落酸浓度为5μmol·L^(-1)时达到最大值;不同浓度外施脱落酸均导致叶片远轴面气孔空间分布的L(d)值低于盐胁迫处理,表明外施脱落酸使远轴面气孔空间分布比盐胁迫处理下更加规则;外施脱落酸不但可以减缓盐胁迫下玉米叶片Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci和WUE的下降趋势,而且能够提高叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量(P<0.01);外施脱落酸还明显降低了盐胁迫下玉米叶片的相对电导率(P=0.002),提高了叶片Fv/Fm值(P<0.001);外源脱落酸可以通过调整气孔形态特征和空间分布格局,进一步优化叶片的气体交换过程,最终缓解NaCl盐对玉米生长和发育过程造成的生理胁迫。We explored the effects of different concentrations of abscisic acid(ABA;0,1,2.5,5,10μmol·L^(-1))on the growth characteristics,stomatal morphology,photosynthesis of maize seedlings(Jingke 665)under NaCl stress(100 mmol·L^(-1)),with the treatment without NaCl solution and ABA as the control.The results showed that exogenous ABA increased plant height,leaf length,root/shoot ratio,aboveground biomass,and total biomass of maize under salt stress(P<0.01).Both stomatal width(P=0.001)and area(P<0.001)on the adaxial surface were decreased,while the width(P=0.001)and area(P=0.012)of the stomata on the abaxial surface reached the maximum at the concentration of 5μmol·L^(-1).Exogenous ABA reduced the L(d)values of stomatal spatial distribution on the abaxial leaf surface than those under salt stress,suggesting exogenous ABA could make the stomatal spatial distribution more regular than those plants under salt stress.The application of ABA released the decline of Pn,Tr,Gs,Ci and WUE of maize leaves under salt stress,and increased the contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and total chlorophyll(P<0.01).In addition,exogenous ABA decreased the relative conductivity(P=0.002)and increased the Fv/Fm value(P<0.001).These results indicate that exogenous ABA could optimize gas exchange process by adjusting the stomatal morphological characteristics and spatial distribution pattern of stomata,and alleviate the physiological stress on the growth and development of maize under NaCl stress.

关 键 词：玉米 脱落酸 NaCl盐胁迫 光合作用 气孔形态特征 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]