温度对不同发育时期落叶松尺蠖(Erannis ankeraria)的影响  

Effects of temperature on Erannis ankeraria at different developmental stages

作　　者：周卓 段景攀 韩丽 王青华[3] 张永安[3] 段立清[1] ZHOU Zhuo;DUAN Jing-Pan;HAN Li;WANG Qing-Hua;ZHANG Yong-An;DUAN Li-Qing(Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;Hohhot Forest Protection Station,Hohhot 010000,China;Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学,呼和浩特市010019 [2]呼和浩特市森林保护站,呼和浩特市010000 [3]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第7期2194-2200,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0600202-01)资助。

摘　　要：落叶松尺蠖(Erannis ankeraria)是落叶松重要害虫之一。为探明温度变化对落叶松尺蠖的影响,本研究以华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)为寄主植物,采用水培枝条饲养法,分别设置15、19、23、25、27、29和31℃7个温度,饲养观察不同温度下落叶松尺蠖卵、幼虫、蛹发育历期及存活情况。结果表明,温度对落叶松尺蠖各虫态发育历期、存活率、蛹重、产卵量和产卵节律有显著影响。落叶松尺蠖只有在15~19℃范围内可完成从卵到成虫的个体发育史,23℃以上成虫不能羽化,25℃以上幼虫化蛹率降低,29℃时卵的孵化率和幼虫存活率下降。落叶松尺蠖越冬卵及幼虫的发育起点温度分别为9.7和4.3℃,有效积温分别为104.2和459.8日·度。落叶松尺蠖属于喜低温型昆虫,高温抑制其生长发育,高温降低幼虫化蛹率及成虫羽化率,蛹期对温度的升高最敏感。温度升高导致雄虫比雌虫更早羽化,降低雌雄成虫相遇的机会,从而影响到后代繁衍。由此可推测,全球气温变暖,落叶松尺蠖为了生存会向北转移,因而温暖地区的落叶松受其危害程度会降低。Erannis ankeraria is one of the most important pests in larch. In order to investigate the effects of temperature on E. ankeraria,larch( Larix principis-rupprechtii) branches were inserted into water in the bottles to keep fresh and used as the host plant to rear the larvae. Seven constant temperatures( 15,19,23,25,27,29 and 31 ℃) were set up to test the effects of temperature on the developmental duration and survival of eggs,larvae and pupae of E. ankeraria. The results showed that temperature significantly affected developmental duration,survival rate,pupa weight,fecundity,and oviposition rhythm of E. ankeraria. E. ankeraria could complete the individual development cycle from egg to adult only within the range of 15-19 ℃ .Adults could not emerge when the temperature was above 23 ℃ . The pupation rate decreased as the temperature was above 25 ℃ . The hatching rate and larval survival rate decreased at 29 ℃ .The developmental threshold temperature of over-wintering eggs and larvae of E. ankeraria was9.7 and 4.3 ℃,respectively. The effective accumulated temperature was 104.2 and 459.8 daydegree,respectively. E. ankeraria preferred to grow and develop at low temperature. High temperature inhibited its growth and development. Higher temperature reduced the pupation rate and emergence rate. Pupal stage was the most sensitive stage to increasing temperature. Increased temperature led to earlier emergence of male moth than female moth,which reduced the chance of male and female moth encountering,thus affecting the reproduction. It is inferred that E.ankeraria will move northward in order to survive under global warming scenario,and that their damage to larch in warm areas will be reduced.

关 键 词：落叶松尺蠖 气候变化 繁殖力 存活率 有效积温 雄性先熟 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]