争议、表述和再考证:近代英国“贵族”概念探究  

View Disputes,Words Expression and Re-Examination:The Conceptual Definition and Category of the British Aristocrats in the Modern Times

作　　者：张迅实 Zhang Xunshi

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学历史与社会学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2021年第3期17-30,144,共15页World History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“英国贵族在经济转型中的作用研究(1689—1840)”(批准文号:18XSS008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：贵族群体是近代英国史研究中备受关注的研究对象,但关于英国"贵族"的概念界定却长期存在不同观点,易使研究者陷入困扰与混淆。要精准界定"英国"贵族的定义和范围,首先应对学界已经存在的不同观点进行分析,理解前人提出它们的背景和思路,辨明"贵族"概念界定问题的分歧缘由。其次,通过梳理历史上"贵族"相关词汇表述的衍变,厘清语言层面上的基本称谓所指。最后,引入新的视角,包括从汉语语义和英译汉角度的分析,对贵族群体在近代英国的地位作用形成整体判断。重点是将其置于当时英国社会转型的时代背景中,从整体上对"贵族"群体做出更精当的界定。The aristocrats were concerned in the field of the modern British history as a research object.However,there was a long-term controversy regarding the conceptual definition,category of the British aristocrats,which easily confused researchers.It is the first thing for giving a precise definition and classifying the British aristocrats to analyse those view disputes existing in the academia,understand the background in which the researchers proposed their ideas,and find out the origins of those disputes.The second thing is to tease out four related expressions of the aristocrats and distinguish the meanings of such expressions represented in English.Finally,the new ideas will be introduced through the analysis of this article.More specifically,the term of the British aristocrats will be analysed from the aspects of its Chinese meaning and English-Chinese translation,the role of the group of aristocrats in modern Britain will be judged thoroughly,and this group will be examined based on the traditional system of England.Furthermore,it would be more significant to make a more precise definition for the group of the British aristocrats on the whole considering the background of the transition of the British society during that period.

关 键 词：近代英国 贵族 概念史 贵族头衔 

分 类 号：K561.4[历史地理—历史学]