“士大夫—乡绅”视野中的权力冲突与困境——以明中后期《圣训六谕》现象为中心  

Power Conflict and Dilemma in the View of“Scholar-Officials and Squire”--Centered on the Phenomenon of the Six Instructions in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：蓝法典 Lan Fadian

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学齐鲁文化研究院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2021年第2期14-31,197,共19页Journal of the History of Political Thought

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“明代士大夫话语体系转型研究”(项目编号:17CZX026);泰山学者工程专项经费资助课题(tsqn-201812037)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自"士大夫—乡绅"视角看《圣训六谕》现象的出现,会发现它并不适用于"觉民行道"的思想史判断,而更多体现了乡绅阶层的自我觉醒与革新。这是因为"士大夫—乡绅"的双重身份为推广《圣训六谕》的明代知识人群体提供了一种"乡村—庙堂"间彼此优容、错位认知的可能性,可以通过宣泄心学激发的道德热情来稀释皇权的压力。但这一努力并没有实现重整乡村秩序的理想,原因在于乡绅阶层既需要利用地方特权宣讲《六谕》,又无法遏制自身豪右化的发展趋势。这一内在矛盾最终导致明代乡绅推广《六谕》的道德热情除去为自身非正式的地方支配权寻找道德的合法性之外,并不能落实为秩序的重建。From the perspective of"scholar-officials and squire",it can be seen that the appearance of the six instructions does not fit the judgment of the ideological history of"enlighten people to fulfill Dao",but reflects more about the self-awakening and innovation of the squire class.Since the scholar-officials and squire’s double identity provides a possibility of leniency and cognitive dislocation between the"rural-court",it can also improve the squire’s living space and inspire moral enthusiasm.The crux of the problem that the gentry class failed to realize the ideal of reorganizing the rural order lies in its need to use the authority of six instructions to promote the awakening moral will of the people with the political capital.This internal contradiction eventually led to the moral enthusiasm of the squires to promote the six instructions,which could not be effectively implemented as the reconstruction of order.

关 键 词：士大夫—乡绅 《圣训六谕》 乡村治理 心学 乡约 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]