内蒙古精准扶贫精准脱贫的成效、经验与模式  

Targeted Poverty Alleviation in Inner Mongolia:Effectiveness,Experience and Mode

作　　者：李强 刘学敏 窦睿音 孙岩 赵瑞 Li Qiang;Liu Xuemin;Dou Ruiyin;Sun Yan;Zhao Rui

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理科学学部 [2]西安外国语大学旅游学院人文地理研究所

出　　处：《全球化》2021年第4期13-32,134,共21页Globalization

基　　金：国务院扶贫办《2017年贫困县退出专项评估检查项目(山西、内蒙古、黑龙江)》(2018);内蒙古自治区扶贫办《2018年内蒙古自治区贫困旗县退出专项评估检查项目》(2019);《2019年内蒙古自治区贫困旗县退出专项评估检查项目》(2020)支持。

摘　　要：为全面总结内蒙古精准扶贫精准脱贫的成效、经验与模式,本文基于第三方专项评估检查的实地调研与问卷分析,从贫困旗县的贫困基本特征入手,在分析精准扶贫精准脱贫各项政策的落实情况和成效的基础上,总结脱贫攻坚经验,提炼出来自脱贫攻坚实践的“龙头企业(合作社或大户)+农牧户”、订单农业发展、庭院经济发展、易地扶贫搬迁安置、绿色扶贫、集体经济收益监管和分配、返贫“拦水坝”和“旅游+边贸+扶贫”等扶贫开发模式。进一步指出因自然条件和历史因素制约,贫困旗县虽已脱贫摘帽,但仍然面临扶贫产业可持续性弱、基础设施建设存在“短板”、生态建设任务依然严峻、借势国家项目积极性不高等问题,提出内蒙古需要在未来脱贫攻坚成果巩固阶段及进一步谋划乡村振兴时予以高度关注的建议。内蒙古圆满完成脱贫攻坚任务,切实解决了贫困人口的“两不愁、三保障”问题,脱贫成效经得起历史和人民的检验。In order to comprehensively summarize the effectiveness,experience and mode of targeted poverty alleviation in Inner Mongolia,This article is based on the field survey and questionnaire analysis of a third-party special evaluation and inspection,summarize the experience of poverty alleviation,and extract the“leading enterprises(cooperatives or large households)+farmers and herdsmen”from the practice of poverty alleviation,the development of contract agriculture,the development of courtyard economy,relocation and resettlement of poverty alleviation,green poverty alleviation,supervision and distribution of collective economic benefits,Poverty-returning“dams”and“tourism+border trade+poverty alleviation”and other poverty alleviation development models.It is proposed that Inner Mongolia needs to pay great attention to the consolidation of the results of poverty alleviation in the future and further plans for rural revitalization.Inner Mongolia has successfully completed the task of poverty alleviation and effectively solved the problem of“two assurances and three guarantees”for the poor people.The effect of poverty alleviation can withstand the test of history and the people.

关 键 词：脱贫攻坚 精准扶贫 精准脱贫 扶贫开发模式 可持续发展 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]