种植方式对稻田氨挥发及氮磷流失风险的影响  

Effects of planting patterns on ammonia volatilization and nitrogen and phosphorus loss in paddy fields

作　　者：杨振宇 罗功文 赵杭 胡旺 王艺哲 张含丰 张玉平 YANG Zhenyu;LUO Gongwen;ZHAO Hang;HU Wang;WANG Yizhe;ZHANG Hanfeng;ZHANG Yuping(College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,National Engineering Laboratory of Soil and Resources Efficient Utilization,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in Common University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室,植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室,土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室,长沙410128

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第7期1529-1537,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800500);湖南省重点领域研究发展计划项目(2019NK2021)。

摘　　要：研究洞庭湖双季稻区不同种植方式下,稻田氨挥发量变化、田面水氮磷浓度动态特征以及不同土壤深度养分含量差异,可为水稻机械化精准施肥,防控面源污染提供理论依据。研究采用田间试验方法,设置农民习惯+直播(T1)、控释尿素减氮10%+直播(T2)和机插一次性施肥减氮10%(T3)3个处理,原位监测早稻基肥期稻田氨挥发,取样监测施肥后田面水总氮、总磷及不同形态氮磷浓度,收获期计产,并取0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤测定其基本理化性状。结果表明,与T1相比,T3和T2田面水NH_(4)^(+)-N平均浓度分别降低46.04%和27.03%,氨挥发量分别降低18.62%和15.61%;田面水总氮平均浓度分别降低53.55%和22.96%,总磷浓度分别降低30.23%和11.63%;T3和T2均可显著增加稻田0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤中有机碳含量,提高全氮、全磷、碱解氮和有效磷含量,水稻产量分别增加6.63%和5.98%。与T1相比,T3和T2两种施肥种植方式均能显著降低稻田氨挥发以及稻田田面水总氮、总磷浓度,能有效增加0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷含量。在3种种植方式中,T3在降低农田氮、磷流失风险、维持土壤肥力、促进水稻增产方面效果更显著。The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of different planting patterns on ammonia volatilization of rice fields,dynamic change in N and P concentrations of field water,and the nutrient content at different soil depths.This study aimes to provide a theoretical basis for the technical application and promotion of precision mechanized one-time fertilization and non-point source pollution prevention in the Dongting Lake double-cropping rice area.Three treatments,including farmer habit+direct seeding(T1),controlledrelease urea to reduce N by 10%+direct seeding(T2),and machine transplanting one-time fertilization to reduce N by 10%(T3)were studied based on the field test method.The experiment monitored the ammonia volatilizes of the base fertilizer period and detected the content of different N and P forms in the field surface water after fertilization.Additionally,soil physicochemical properties at depths of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm were measured and the total yield was analyzed.The NH_(4)^(+)-N concentration,ammonia volatilization amount,and total N and total P content of field water in the T3 treatment were decreased by 46.04%,18.62%,53.55%,and 30.23%,respectively,compared to the T1 treatment.These variables in the T2 treatment were decreased by 27.03%,15.61%,22.96%,and 11.63%,respectively,compared to the T1 treatment.The T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the content of organic carbon,total N,total P,alkali hydrolyzable N,and available P in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soils compared to the T1 treatment and increased rice yield by 6.63%and 5.98%,respectively.The two management practices(T2 and T3)effectively decreased the ammonia volatilization in rice fields,and total N and total P content of rice field water,and increased the content of organic carbon,soil total N,total P,alkali hydrolyzable N,and available P in the 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soils compared to the T1 treatment.The advantages of the T3 treatment for reducing N are prominent,shown by its better ability to reduce N and P losses and im

关 键 词：水稻 机插一次性深施肥 氨挥发 氮磷流失 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]