2019年贵州省农民群体健康素养状况及影响因素分析  

Health literacy status and its influencing factors among farmers in Guizhou Province in 2019

作　　者：张平 何琳[2] 张人华[2] 王惠群 ZHANG Ping;HE Lin;ZHANG Ren-hua;WANG Hui-qun(School of Public Health,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学公共卫生学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2021年第14期2645-2649,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：贵州省区域内一流学科建设项目-公共卫生与预防医学(黔教科研发2017[85]号)。

摘　　要：目的了解2019年贵州省农民群体健康素养状况,分析其影响因素,为开展农民群体健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段随机方法抽样,使用全国居民健康素养问卷,以面对面调查方式对贵州省15~69岁7214名农民进行问卷调查。结果2019年贵州省农民健康素养水平为5.48%,基本知识和理念、健康生活方式和行为、健康技能3个方面的健康素养水平为11.23%、7.78%、6.50%,6类健康问题素养水平分别为:科学健康观25.41%、传染病防治6.38%、慢性病防治10.91%、安全与急救24.34%、基本医疗9.09%、健康信息11.70%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,男性、不吸烟、年龄小、文化程度高、收入高是健康素养的正向影响因素(P<0.001):男性健康素养高于女性(OR=2.220,95%CI:1.234~2.961),不吸烟者健康素养高于吸烟者(OR=1.481,95%CI:1.116~1.965),30~39岁(OR=4.145,95%CI:2.635~6.519)、大专及以上(OR=36.931,95%CI:14.417~88.466)、家庭年收入5万元及以上(OR=2.094,95%CI:1.438~3.048)健康素养最高。结论贵州省农民健康素养水平较低,尤其是基本健康技能和传染病防治素养水平较低,政府相关部门应采取针对性的健康教育活动,提高农民健康素养水平。Objective To understand the status of health literacy and its influencing factors among farmers from Guizhou Province in 2019, and to provide reference for farmers’ health education. Methods Using the multi-stage random sampling method, 7 214 farmers aged 15 to 69 years were surveyed using the National Health Literacy Questionnaire in Guizhou Province. Results In 2019, the health literacy level of farmers from Guizhou Province was 5.48%, among which the health literacy in basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behavior as well as health skills were 11.23%, 7.78% and6.50%, respectively. The health literacy in the six public health issues, including scientific health perspective, prevention of infectious disease, prevention of chronic diseases, safety and first aids, basic medical service and health information were25.41%, 6.38%, 10.91%, 24.34%, 9.09% and 11.70%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male, non-smoker, youth, with high education level and high income were positive influencing factors of health literacy( P<0.001): the health literacy of males was higher than that of females(OR=2.220, 95%CI: 1.234-2.961), while non-smokers had higher health literacy than smokers(OR=1.481, 95%CI: 1.116-1.965), age group of 30-39 years(OR=4.145, 95%CI:2.635-6.519), with college education degree or above(OR =36.931, 95% CI: 14.417-88.466), and family with an average annual income of 50 000 yuan or above(OR=2.094, 95%CI: 1.438-3.048) reported the highest health literacy. Conclusion The level of health literacy of farmers from Guizhou province is low, especially the level of basic health skills and infectious disease prevention literacy. Relevant departments should take targeted health education measures to improve health literacy among farmers in Guizhou Province.

关 键 词：健康素养 农民 影响因素 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]