论俄罗斯的宪法改革  

On Russian Constitutional Reform

作　　者：庞大鹏[1,2,3] Pang Dapeng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所 [2]中国社会科学院俄罗斯研究中心 [3]中国社会科学院大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2021年第3期73-105,共33页Russian Studies

摘　　要：宪法改革是当前和今后一个时期俄罗斯国家治理的核心问题。俄罗斯的宪法改革及由此引发的政治运行机制的调整变化,是在俄罗斯历史传承、文化传统、社会发展的基础上内生演化的结果。从宪法改革的时代背景看,此次宪法改革经历了一个认识不断深化的过程。当代俄罗斯领导人对于宪法改革与政治稳定之间的关系认识明确,宪法改革的基本原则一以贯之。普京政权提前布局,稳步推进,最终确保宪法改革平稳落地,俄罗斯社会总体保持稳定。从宪法改革的基本内容看,涉及俄罗斯国家政权的组织体系、国家结构形式和国家安全体系的调整。此次宪法改革是对普京20年执政经验的总结,是将普京行之有效的治国举措以法律语言的形式,进行理论化、制度化和法律化的结果,标志着俄罗斯宪法从叶利钦时代过渡到普京时代。新冠肺炎疫情是宪法改革的刺激性影响因素,政治聚集效应明显。宪法改革引发俄罗斯内政外交的联动性明显,并将对俄罗斯的稳定与发展产生深远影响。Constitutional reform is, now and in the future, a key issue to public administration in Russia. Russia’s constitutional reform, in addition to corresponding adjustments and changes in the mechanism of its politics, is the result of internal evolution based on historical heritage, cultural tradition and social development. Judging from the background, this constitutional reform has gone through a process of constant deepening in understanding. Today Russian leaders clearly understand the relationship between constitutional reform and political stability. Basic principles of constitutional reform remain unchanged. Putin’s regime has been arranged ahead of schedule and steadily put forward, which ultimately ensures the smooth implementation of constitutional reforms and the overall stability of Russian society. Judging from the main content of the constitutional reform, it involves adjusting the organizational system of Russian regime, its state structure and national security system as well. This constitutional reform is a review of Putin’s governance experience in the past two decades. It is the result of theorizing, institutionalization and legalization of Putin’s effective governance measures in the form of legal languages, which marks the transition of Russian constitution from the Yeltsin era to the Putin era. The COVID-19 epidemic is a stimulating factor for the constitutional reform with an evident effect in political unity. The constitutional reform has brought about an obvious interaction between Russia internal and external affairs, which will have profound impacts on the stability and development of Russia.

关 键 词：俄罗斯宪法改革 俄罗斯政治体系 叶利钦时代 普京时代 

分 类 号：D751[政治法律—政治学]