中国水稻育种百年发展与展望  

One-hundred Years’Development and Prospect of Rice Breeding in China

作　　者：程式华[1] CHENG Shihua(China National Rice Research Institute/Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement,Hanzhou 310006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所/国家水稻改良中心,杭州310006

出　　处：《中国稻米》2021年第4期1-6,共6页China Rice

摘　　要：水稻是中国最重要的口粮作物,新品种的培育与推广对水稻生产作出了重大贡献。中国现代水稻育种起步于20世纪20年代,已有百年历程,期间纯系育种、杂交育种、诱变育种和分子育种等技术成为技术主体,成就了矮化育种、杂交稻育种和超级稻育种三次突破,推进了全国水稻平均单产从20世纪50年代的200 kg/667 m^(2)平台跃上了当前的470 kg/667 m^(2)平台。展望未来百年的水稻产业需求,培育C4水稻、固氮水稻、耐盐碱水稻、耐旱水稻和一系杂交稻是水稻育种面临的重大任务。Rice is the most important staple crop in China.Breeding and application of new rice cultivars have made a huge contribution to China’s rice production.China’s modern rice breeding was originated in 1920s and under went one-hundred years.During this period,pure line selection,hybridization breeding,mutation breeding and molecular breeding were developed as main techniques for rice improvement in China.They produced three breakthroughs of rice breeding,i.e.semi-dwarf breeding,heterosis breeding and super rice breeding,which resulted in enhancing the China’s rice production from 200 kg/667 m^(2) in 1950s to 470 kg/667 m^(2) in current year.To meet the food demands in the future,it is significant to breed new varietal types such C4 rice,nitrogen-fixation rice,saline-alkali tolerance rice,drought tolerance rice and apomixes rice etc.

关 键 词：水稻 育种技术 育种成就 矮化育种 杂交稻育种 超级稻育种 

分 类 号：S511.035[农业科学—作物学]