中国页岩气勘探开发的关键要点与初期产能特征  

A brief analysis of key points and early production characteristics of shale gas exploration and development in China

作　　者：徐春华[1] 钟云浩 汪传胜[1] 柯霖[1] 仇卫东[3] 赵倩 Xu Chunhua;Zhong Yunhao;Wang Chuansheng;Ke Lin;Qiu Weidong;Zhao Qian(East China Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau,Nanjing 210007,Jiangsu,China;Xinjiang Branch,CNPC Logging,Karamay 834000,Xinjiang,China;The Unconventional Oil-Gas Headquarters of Sinopec East China Oil&Gas Company,Taizhou 225300,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省有色金属华东地质勘查局,江苏南京210007 [2]中国石油集团测井有限公司新疆分公司,新疆克拉玛依834000 [3]中国石化华东油气分公司非常规油气指挥部,江苏泰州225300

出　　处：《地质学刊》2021年第2期197-212,共16页Journal of Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“扬子台地西缘奥陶纪末—志留纪早期的几丁虫及综合地层学研究”(41872035);江苏省省级专项资金项目“江苏省页岩气资源调查与评价”(苏发改能源发[2015]1541号)。

摘　　要：中国页岩气产业近几年已取得了明显进展。上扬子区下古生界海相地层产能效果显著,四川盆地侏罗系陆相、鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系陆相地层页岩气也实现了突破,此外,在西北地区侏罗系陆相、南方中扬子区上古生界海陆过渡相、东部断陷盆地古近系陆相地层都取得了重要进展。总结了优质页岩气资源区产层涉及的地球化学和沉积特点等关键指标,根据压力系数、TOC、成熟度(Ro)、孔隙度、含气性、含气饱和度、脆性矿物含量、黑色页岩层厚度8个指标参数建立了一种图像判别方法,以快速判断地下页岩气储层是否会产气,且产气层潜力能否达到工业气流(水平井工艺下)。认识到有机纳米孔隙内的有机质具有“接力成气”形成天然气的机理,有机孔隙随有机质成熟度(Ro)先升后减,识别出Ro值在2.60%~2.80%区间为孔隙有利发育带,同时也是最佳生气窗口,该层段地层是页岩气勘探的最佳窗口。物质相态转化可为页岩气排出提供有效动力,页岩气勘探中有机孔隙最佳成熟度窗口Ro值在1.35%~3.00%区间。认识到生油岩生成的石油总量有40%~60%的液态烃滞留在源岩中,为后期裂解成气提供了丰富的物质基础。认为页岩油气的“革命”既是勘探技术的突破,也是开采技术的革命,能提高储气层泄气面积的水平井段多级规模压裂是提高产能的关键,这些都延伸和推广了传统石油地质学理论的内涵和外延,拓展了油气勘探领域的发展潜力。分析了我国页岩气产区部分气井的初期产能和开采潜力特征,认为中国虽在海相地层获得了部分区块的商业性开发,但大部分区域仍待开发中准确评估,页岩气资源开发的关键技术还需提升。对中国部分页岩气产区经济效益情况进行了概要推断分析,认为中国页岩气只在个别地区获得了有价值的商业气流,总体上还处于开发起步阶段,要达到大规模�The shale gas industry has been burgeoning in China in recent years.The Shale gas reservoirs originated from marine strata of the Lower Palaeozoic,Upper Yangtze Region,are rich in productivity.The breakthrough has also been achieved in strata of Jurassic continental facies of Sichuan Basin,and typical Triassic continental Yanchang strata of Ordos Basin.In addition,promising findings have been achieved in the Jurassic continental formations in northwest China,and in Upper Palaeozoic transitional facies in Middle Yangzi areas of South China,and the faulted basin of eastern China formed in Paleogene continental strata.It is concluded that the high quality shale gas resource zone has eight key indicators related to geochemical and sedimentary characteristics.An image discrimination method was established based on 8 indicators,namely,pressure coefficient,TOC,thermal maturity(Ro),porosity,total gas content,saturation of gas content,brittle mineral content,and black shale thickness,which can help quickly identify the shale gas productivity of underground reservoirs and evaluate whether the gas production potential can reach the industrial flow(under the horizontal well).This paper recognized that the organic matter in the organic nano pores has the mechanism of a relay into gas to generate natural gas,and further recognized that the organic pores increase at first and then decrease with maturity of organic matter(Ro),identified the Ro value of 2.60%-2.80%as the favorable pore development zone and the best gas generation window,which is also the best window for shale gas exploration.Matter phase transformation can provide effective power for shale gas discharge,and the Ro value of organic pores with optimal maturity window of shale gas exploration is 1.35%-3.00%.It is recognized that about 40%-60%of the total amount of petroleum generated from source rock is trapped in the source rock,which provides a rich material basis for the pyrolysis of gas in the later stage.The"revolution"of shale oil and gas exploration and devel

关 键 词：页岩气储层 识别评价 开发特征 技术障碍 关键指标 产业分析 

分 类 号：P618.130.2+5[天文地球—矿床学] TE132.2[天文地球—地质学]