云南屏边兽类多样性现状及其变迁  

Current Status and Changes of Mammal Diversity in Pingbian County,Yunnan Province,China

作　　者：李波艳 张家扬 李凯 孙婧 饶静秋 周佳 杨泽鹏 施德山 张文文 管振华[1] 崔亮伟[1,2] LI Boyan;ZHANG Jiayang;LI Kai;SUN Jing;RAO Jingqiu;ZHOU Jia;YANG Zepeng;SHI Deshan;ZHANG Wenwen;GUAN Zhenhua;CUI Liangwei(Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,650224,China;The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University,Dali,671003,China;Bureau of Management and Protection of Daweishan National Nature Reserve in Yunnan,Pingbian,662100,China;Pingbian Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Pingbain,661200,China;Research Center for Nature Conservation and Biodiversity,Nanjing,210042,China;State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecology and Environment of Wuyi Mountains,Nanjing,210042,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Biosafety,Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing,210042,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学云南省高校极小种群野生动物保育重点实验室,昆明650224 [2]大理大学三江并流区域生物多样性保护与利用省创新团队,大理671003 [3]云南大围山国家级自然保护区管护局屏边管护分局,屏边661200 [4]云南省屏边县林业和草原局,屏边661200 [5]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所自然保护与生物多样性研究中心,南京210042 [6]国家环境保护武夷山生态环境科学观测研究站,武夷山生物多样性综合观测站,南京210042 [7]国家环境保护生物安全重点实验室,南京210042

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2021年第3期763-773,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31772474,32070456,31160424);云南省高层次人才培养支持计划(YNWR-CYJS-2018-052);生态环境部“生物多样性调查、观测额评估”项目(2019-2-10)。

摘　　要：兽类是生物多样性和生态系统的重要组成部分之一,对维持生态平衡有重要作用。为掌握云南屏边兽类多样性现状、变迁及其影响因素,2019年8月16日—9月4日和2019年12月4—12日,采用“半结构式”访谈法对屏边县大围山国家级自然保护区和保护区外3个林场周边的5个乡镇17个自然村进行了兽类多样性调查。共访谈到屏边县兽类7目19科58种,其中疑似消失动物(7年以上未见)3目6科7种,现存动物7目18科51种。尽管保护区内现有兽类多度和重点保护物种多于保护区外,但是保护区外还分布有9种国家重点保护兽类,须采取必要的管护措施。屏边县兽类经历了2个物种消失期(1960—1986年、1999—2012年),第1个时期主要与偷猎、林权改革和公路修建有关;第2个时期保护区内外分别与旅游开发和草果种植有关。此外,社区访谈可以快速有效地获取现有兽类多样性及其近期变化,访谈对象首选上山频率高、上山时间长和受过教育的人员,如护林员和过去的猎人。Mammals are one of the important parts of biodiversity and ecosystem,which play an important role in maintaining ecological balance.In order to understand the current status,changes and threatening factors of mammal diversity in Pingbian County,the“semi-structured”interview method was used to investigate the species diversity of mammals in Daweishan National Nature Reserve and 17 villages in five towns around three forest farms in Pingbian County from 16 August,2019 to 4 September,2019 and from 4 December,2019 to 12 December,2019.We totally documented 58 species in 19 families and seven orders of terrestrial mammals,of which seven species in six families and three orders might have disappeared because they were not found for seven years.Therefore,there are 51 species in 18 families and seven orders existing in Pingbian County.Although the existing species abundance in the nature reserve is higher than the outside and there are more key protected species inside,nine key protected species still live outside the reserve,so it is necessary for these species to take management and protection measures.There were two periods of mammal species disappearance in Pingbian County(1960-1986 and 1999-2012).In the first period,it was mainly related to poaching,forest right reform and road construction.In the second period,it was mainly related to tourism development inside the nature reserve and Amomum tsao-ko plantation outside the reserve.In addition,community interview can quickly and effectively provide the information on species diversity of the existing animals and their recent changes.We should prefer interviewees who has been frequently visiting forests for long duration and with education experience,such as forest rangers and past hunters.

关 键 词：兽类 物种多样性 物种变迁 社区访谈 屏边县 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]