浙江长兴扬子鳄保护区扬子鳄巢位生境调查研究  

Investigation on Nest-Site Habitat of Alligator sinensis in the Changxing Chinese Alligator Nature Reserve

作　　者：王震伟 邹卫强 任大斌 徐菊敏 李慧 韩群花 付春正 WANG Zhenwei;ZOU Weiqiang;REN Dabin;XU Jumin;LI Hui;HAN Qunhua;FU Chunzheng(Changxing Yinjiabian Chinese Alligator Nature Reserve,Changxing,313100,China;MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection,State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife,College of life Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,310058,China)

机构地区：[1]长兴尹家边扬子鳄自然保护区,长兴313100 [2]浙江大学生命科学学院,生命系统稳态与保护教育部重点实验室(浙江大学),国家濒危野生动植物种质基因保护中心(浙江大学),杭州310058

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2021年第3期801-808,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：浙江省珍稀濒危野生动植物抢救保护工程项目(2017—2020)—扬子鳄。

摘　　要：为更好地恢复扬子鳄(Alligator sinensis)栖息地,提高扬子鳄繁殖率,于2017年5—10月对长兴尹家边扬子鳄自然保护区的核心区和野放区的扬子鳄巢位生境及巢内、外温度进行调查记录,并对2014—2019年母鳄的营巢次数、产卵窝数和护巢率进行统计。结果表明:核心区扬子鳄巢外的气温均温和气温波动均显著低于野放区(P<0.05),但核心区扬子鳄巢内平均温度、温度波动与野放区并无显著差异;核心区扬子鳄巢距水源的水平距离及垂直距离均显著低于野放区(P<0.01),核心区扬子鳄巢的最近树距离显著高于野放区(P<0.01)。这表明扬子鳄可以通过选择营巢的位置来适应外界的气温及温度的波动。此外,野放区的母鳄营巢次数和产卵窝数呈现逐年递增的趋势,表明核心区放归至野放区的扬子鳄已经逐步适应野放区的生态环境,同时也表明长兴扬子鳄自然保护区的野外种群复壮工程已经取得了一定的效果。In order to restore the habitat of the Chinese alligator(Alligator sinensis)and improve the reproduction rate,we investigated the nest site habitats and recorded the air temperature inside&outside the nests of the Chinese alligator in the core and the reintroduction area of the Yinjiabian Chinese Alligator Nature Reserve,Changxing County,P.R.China from May to October in 2017.We also observed and recorded the number of nesting,laying nest,and the nest-defence rate of the female Chinese alligators from 2014 to 2019.Results showed that the mean air temperature and temperature fluctuation outside the nests were significantly lower in the core area than in the reintroduction area(P<0.05);whereas there was no significant difference in the parameters inside the nests between the core area and the reintroduction area.In Addition,both the horizontal and vertical distances from the nests to water sources were significantly shorter in the core area than in reintroduction area(P<0.01),but the distance from nests to the nearest adjacent trees was significantly longer in the core area than in reintroduction area(P<0.01).These indicate that the Chinese alligator can adapt to the environmental temperature and temperature fluctuations by changing nest-site selection.Besides,the number of nesting and laying nest of the female Chinese alligators in reintroduction area took on an increasing trend year by year;indicating that the Chinese alligators released from the core area have gradually acclimated to the ecological environment of the reintroduction area.Our results show certain achievements for the field population rejuvenation project of Changxing Chinese Alligator Nature Reserve.

关 键 词：扬子鳄 巢位生境 巢温度 繁殖行为 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]