中国矿产资源贸易网络演化  

Evolution of mineral resources trade network in China

作　　者：王文宇 贺灿飞[1,2] 任卓然 WANG Wen-yu;HE Can-fei;REN Zhuo-ran(College of Urban and Environmental Science,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Peking University-Lincoln Institute Center for Urban Development and Land Policy,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2021年第7期1893-1908,共16页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41731278);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(41425001)。

摘　　要：第四次工业革命催生全球新一轮产业竞争,矿产资源国内外供需形势正在发生显著的变化,国际竞争日益激烈,成为大国资源博弈的焦点。现阶段我国已经成为世界最大的矿产进口国和重要的矿产出口国,了解矿产资源进口来源地和出口市场网络直接关系到生产活动和经济发展。基于此,本文基于2001—2016年UN Comtrade世界矿产资源贸易数据,分析中国矿产资源贸易网络特征及其演化过程。研究发现:(1)2001—2016年间,中国在世界矿产资源贸易网络中的地位显著提高,这与中国持续增长的矿产资源贸易量和贸易国家数量有直接的相关关系;(2)中国矿产出口逐渐展现"市场分散"的策略,而进口逐渐从"多来源产品集中"演化为"少来源产品分散"的策略;(3)友好的国家关系和国家间互动频率会降低制度差异所带来的不确定性,而且友好的国家关系会降低矿产贸易的交易成本。基于结论提出如下建议:(1)中国矿产出口可以采取进一步分散市场的策略,避免出口到少数国家被压价的情况;(2)矿产进口可以考虑在原有进口国家中进一步多进口新的矿产资源产品,并拓展新的矿产来源国家,以满足日益增长的矿产资源需求,同时避免国家关系波动带来的贸易摩擦;(3)在我国矿产资源安全方面,中国要考虑到国家间制度差异所带来的贸易成本,并通过增加海外矿产资源投资、维护好国家间关系和促进交流来稳定矿产资源贸易。The fourth Industrial Revolution has stimulated the global industrial competition,and the trade of mineral resources all over the world has become one of the focus of competition among major countries. Nowadays, China has been the largest mineral importer and important mineral exporter in the world, therefore it is crucial to understand the sources of mineral resources imports and market patterns of exports. This study analyzes the characteristics of China’s mineral resource trade network and its evolution using UN Comtrade world mineral resource trade data from 2001 to 2016. It is found that the position of China in the world mineral resources trade network has increased significantly during 2001-2016 and China has significantly diversified its mineral export markets as well as its products of mineral imports. It is reported that friendly interstate relations and the frequency of interactions between countries mitigate the trade uncertainty caused by institutional differences, and friendly relations further reduce the transaction costs of mineral trade, which can promote the evolution of mineral trade networks of China. The results have important policy implications. It is recommended that China should further expand its export market and diversify products and sources of mineral imports. Moreover, China should increase outward investments in mineral resources and maintain good relations between countries.

关 键 词：矿产资源 贸易网络 中国 国家关系 对外投资 

分 类 号：F426.1[经济管理—产业经济] F752.6