三峡工程运行后武汉河段河槽形态变化特性研究  

Variation of channel geometry change in Wuhan reach of Yangtze River since operation of Three Gorges Project

作　　者：尹志 郭含 吕宜卫 章广越 YIN Zhi;GUO Han;LYU Yiwei;ZHANG Guangyue(Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau of Middle Reaches of Changjiang River,Bureau of Hydrology of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430014,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局长江中游水文水资源勘测局智慧水文智能控制重点实验室,湖北武汉430014 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《人民长江》2021年第7期1-8,33,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC0407804);湖南省水利科技项目(2013)243-15。

摘　　要：三峡工程运行以来,长江武汉河段径流和输沙均在汛期减少,非汛期增加,年径流量未发生明显的趋势性变化,但年来沙量急剧下降。根据近些年汉口水文站的水沙资料及长江武汉河段的51个固定断面的实测地形资料,采用以对数转换为基础的几何平均与断面间距加权平均相结合的方法,对武汉河段各项平均平滩河槽形态指标进行了计算,并分析了各项指标产生变化的原理。采用权重归一化的滞后模型建立了上述各项平均平滩河槽形态指标的计算方法,结果表明:该模型可较好模拟河段平均平滩面积及平均平滩水深,由于未能反映河道两岸护岸工程等人为活动影响,平均平滩河宽及平均平滩河相系数模拟效果不佳。近年不同年份来水来沙条件的影响权重分析表明,前期水文条件对平滩面积变化有重要影响,平滩水深变化则受当年水文条件影响十分显著。Since the operation of the Three Gorges Project,the runoff and sediment transport in the Wuhan reach of the Changjiang River have decreased in flood season and increased in non-flood season,however there is no obvious trend change in the annual runoff,and the annual sediment transport has decreased sharply.Based on the hydrological data of Hankou Hydrological Station and the surveyed profiles at 51 fixed sections in the Wuhan reach of the Changjiang River,the reach-scale bankfull channel dimensions of the Wuhan River section were calculated by using a method which integrates a log-transformation geometric mean with a weighted average of the spacing between two consecutive sections.Then the changes of each geometric indicator were analyzed.The Delayed Response Model(DRM)by normalizing the weights was used to establish the calculation method on channel geometric indicators.It is shown that the improved model could well calculate the average bankfull depth and area.But the bankfull width and geomorphic coefficient cannot be calculated accurately because of the impact of bank revetment.The influence weights of each year's hydrological condition were analyzed,the previous hydrological conditions had an important influence on bankfull area,but the bankfull depth was significantly affected by the hydrological conditions of the current year.

关 键 词：河道演变 来水来沙条件 平滩河槽形态 滞后模型 影响权重 长江武汉河段 三峡工程 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]