竖缝式鱼道梯形断面池室水动力学特性研究  

Study on hydrodynamic characteristics of vertical slot fishway with trapezoidal section pool

作　　者：蔡玉鹏 刘火箭 刘志雄[2] 徐成剑 黄晓敏 CAI Yupeng;LIU Huojian;LIU Zhixiong;XU Chengjian;HUANG Xiaomin(Changjiang Survey,Planning,Design and Research Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China;Department of Hydraulics,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,湖北武汉430010 [2]长江科学院水力学研究所,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2021年第7期204-209,230,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0407604-4);长江勘测规划设计有限责任公司自主创新项目(CX2017Z19,CX2017Z35)。

摘　　要：水利工程建设一定程度上破坏了河流的纵向连接,改变了河流的生态系统,鱼道成为鱼类逆流而上的关键洄游通道。采用三维紊流模型对常规的竖缝式矩形池室鱼道及新设计的竖缝式梯形池室鱼道分别开展了数值模拟计算,分析了相同流量及水位条件下两种池室的水流结构、流速及紊动能分布规律。对比发现:梯形池室回流区范围较大,回流区流速较小,且竖缝处的流速分布较为均匀,最大流速及紊动能均较矩形池室小;矩形池室流速及紊动能沿水深方向呈典型二元分布,梯形池室竖缝处流速沿水深向上逐渐减小,紊动能逐渐增大。竖缝式梯形池室鱼道作为一种非常规的鱼道型式,水力特性基本满足鱼类的洄游,且部分指标较矩形鱼道更优,相关成果可为优化鱼道设计提供参考。The construction of water conservancy projects has destroyed the longitudinal connection of rivers and changed the ecosystem.Fishway has become the key migration channel for fish going up rivers.3D turbulence model was used to numerically simulate the conventional vertical slot fishway with rectangular section pools and the newly designed vertical slot fishway with trapezoidal section pools,respectively.The flow structure,velocity and turbulent kinetic energy distribution of the two kinds of pools under the same flow and water level were analyzed.It found that for the trapezoidal pool,the recirculation zone was large with small flow velocity in it,the flow velocity distribution at the vertical slot was uniform,and the maximum flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy were smaller than those in the rectangular pool.The flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy in rectangular pool showed typical binary characteristics along the water depth direction.The flow velocity at the vertical joint of trapezoidal pool decreased gradually along the water depth direction,and the turbulent kinetic energy increased gradually.As an unconventional fishway type,the hydraulic characteristics of the vertical slot fishway with trapezoidal section pool basically met the migration of fish,and some indicators were better than the rectangular fishway.The relevant results can provide some references for design optimization of fishways.

关 键 词：竖缝式鱼道 梯形断面 流速 紊动能 

分 类 号：TV131[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]