丹江口库区不同种植模式下氮磷流失和经济效益分析  

Analysis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses and Environmental Benefits Under Different Planting Patterns in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area

作　　者：李涛 鄢紫薇 王砚 张秀玲 严昶 郝福新 吴山 李辉 何剑 林杉 LI Tao;YAN Ziwei;WANG Yan;ZHANG Xiuling;YAN Chang;HAO Fuxin;WU Shan;LI Hui;HE Jian;LIN Shan(Shiyan Agro-ecology Environmental Protection Station,Shiyan,Hubei 442000,China;College of Recourses and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Agricultural Ecological Environment Protection Station,Wuhan 430070,China;Xiangyang Extensive Center of Agricultural Technology,Xiangyang,Hubei 441021,China;Shiyan Yunyang District Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Shiyan,Hubei 442514,China;Agricultural Environmental Protection Station of Danjiangkou,Danjiangkou,Hubei 442700,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省十堰市农业生态环境保护站,湖北十堰442000 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,武汉430070 [3]湖北省农业生态环境保护站,武汉430070 [4]湖北省襄阳市农业技术推广中心,湖北襄阳441021 [5]湖北省十堰市郧阳区农业技术推广中心,湖北十堰442514 [6]湖北省丹江口市农业环境保护站,湖北丹江口442700

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2021年第5期35-40,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项南水北调工程水质安全保障关键技术研究与示范项目“水源区中药材生态种植与氮磷污染负荷消减技术研究与示范”(2012ZX07205002-02);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301103);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2017CFB159)。

摘　　要：丹江口水库长期以来因为坡耕地氮磷流失引起的面源污染问题严重,进而影响了当地的经济效益。通过三年田间小区试验,研究了自然降雨条件下玉米单作、银杏+芍药间作以及三叶菜+红花轮作3种种植模式对丹江口库区坡耕地地表氮磷养分流失的影响,并进行了经济效益分析。结果表明:银杏+芍药间作和三叶菜+红花轮作对坡耕地地表氮磷流失有显著的阻控作用,并可有效降低水土流失;与玉米单作相比,银杏+芍药间作和三叶菜+红花轮作泥沙流失量分别减少了8.30%和8.94%,径流总氮年均流失量分别减少了28.69%和22.92%,径流总磷年均流失量分别减少了29.25%和37.26%;银杏+芍药间作和三叶菜+红花轮作两种种植模式比玉米单作经济效益高,尤其是三叶菜+红花纯收入是玉米单作的19.29倍;从农田氮磷面源污染控制和经济效益综合分析,三叶菜+红花轮作模式是丹江口库区较合理的生态种植模式,可进一步推广应用。For a long time, the non-point source pollution caused by the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from sloping farmland in Danjiangkou Reservoir has been serious, which has affected the local economic benefits.The effects of maize monocropping, Ginkgo biloba and peony intercropping and shamrock and safflower rotation cropping on surface nitrogen and phosphorus losses of sloping farmland in Danjiangkou Reservoir area were studied by field plot experiment for three years, and the economic benefits were analyzed. The results showed that the intercropping of ginkgo+peony and rotation of shamrock+safflower could significantly inhibit the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus, and effectively reduce the soil and water loss in sloping farmland. Compared with maize monoculture, sediment loss of Ginkgo+Paeonia intercropping and Shamrock+Safflower rotation decreased by 8.30% and 8.94%, runoff of total nitrogen decreased by 28.69% and 22.92%, and runoff of total phosphorus decreased by 29.25% and 37.26% respectively. Ginkgo+peony intercropping and shamrock+safflower rotation cropping modes had higher economic benefits than maize monoculture, especially the net income of shamrock+safflower was 19.29 times that of maize monoculture. Based on the comprehensive analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution control and economic benefit, the shamrock vegetable+safflower rotation pattern is a more reasonable ecological planting pattern in Danjiangkou reservoir area, which can be further popularized and applied.

关 键 词：丹江口库区 坡耕地 氮磷流失 银杏芍药间作 三叶菜红花轮作 经济效益 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] F326[农业科学—农业基础科学]