环青海湖地区小油菜生育期变化及其气候驱动因子  

Growth Period Change of Brassica campestris L.and the Climatic Driving Factors in the Region Around Qinghai Lake

作　　者：严应存[1,2] 何生录 高贵生 赵梦凡 YANYing-cun;HE Sheng-lu;GAO Gui-sheng;ZHAO Meng-fan(Qinghai Province Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Xining 810001,PRC;State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,PRC;Golmud Meteorological Bureau,Golmud 816099,PRC;Haibei Pastoral Meteorological Experiment Station,Haibei 810200,PRC)

机构地区：[1]青海省气象科学研究所,青海西宁810001 [2]青海省防灾减灾重点实验室,青海西宁810001 [3]格尔木市气象局,青海格尔木816099 [4]海北牧业气象试验站,青海海北810200

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2021年第6期86-92,共7页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41765008);青海省科技厅项目(2021-ZJ-611)。

摘　　要：为了切实掌握环青海湖地区小油菜生育期变化规律及其气候驱动因子,利用1980—2019年青海省门源回族自治县农业气象试验站小油菜物候期及平行气候因子相关数据,通过气候倾向率、相关系数、突变检验及逐步回归等方法进行分析,结果表明:近40 a以来,门源小油菜出苗—成熟需要80-98 d,播种—成熟需要89-116 d,年际间相差18 和27 d;影响小油菜生育期长短的气候驱动因子是积温和平均气温,主要影响的生育期为播种—出苗(延长P<0.01)、出苗—五真叶(缩短P<0.01)、五真叶—开花期(延长P<0.01)、出苗—成熟期(缩短P<0.1);积温每升高1℃,播种—出苗、五真叶—开花历时分别延长0.08、0.07 d;积温每升高1℃,出苗—五真叶历时延长0.10 d;开花期后油菜生育期对光温条件的依赖明显变小,主要受前期热量条件的滞后影响;五真叶—开花期间的平均气温升高1℃,出苗—成熟历时缩短2.69 d;影响播种—出苗、五真叶—开花历时的积温和五真叶—开花历时的平均气温自1980年以来呈极显著升高,影响出苗—五真叶历时的积温呈极显著降低;小油菜生育期突变与热量因子呈持续升高(降低)变化起始年份基本一致。In order to master the changing regularity of growth period of Brassica campestris L.and its climatic driving factors in the region around Qinghai Lake,the 1980-2019 data on the phenological period of Brassica campestris L.and parallel climatic factors collected from the agricultural meteorological experimental station of Menyuan of Qinghai Province were analyzed according to climatic tendency rate,correlation coefficient,Mann-Kendall test and stepwise regression analyis.The results showed that in the past 40 years,the period of emergence-maturity was 80-98 days,the period of sowing-maturity was 89-116 days,and the largest inter-annual difference was 18 days and 27 days,respectively.Since the 1980s,the climate driving factors affecting the growth period of Brassica campestris L.were accumulated temperature and average air temperature;they mainly affected the sowing-emergence period(extended,P<0.01),the emergence-five real leaf period(shorten,P<0.01),the five real leaf-flowering period(extended,P<0.01),and the emergence-mature period(shorten,P<0.1).When the accumulated temperature increased by 1℃,the duration from sowing to emergence,from emergence to five real leaves,and from five real leaves to flowering was prolonged by 0.08,0.10 d and 0.07 days,respectively.After flowering,the dependence of Brassica campestris L.growth on light and temperature conditions decreased significantly,which was mainly affected by the lag of early heat conditions.When the average air temperature increased by 1℃during the period from five real leaves to flowering,the emergence-mature period was shortened by 2.69 days.Since 1980,the accumulated temperature affecting the durations of sowing-emergence and five real leaves-flowering,and the average air temperature in the five real leaves-flowering period extremely significantly increased,while the accumulated temperature affecting the duration of emergence-five real leaves extremely significantly decreased.The mutation of the growth period of Brassica campestris L.was consistent with t

关 键 词：环青海湖地区 小油菜 生育期 气候驱动因子 

分 类 号：S162.5[农业科学—农业气象学]