如何正确测度我国农村居民的恩格尔系数?——基于宏观和微观视角的实证研究  

How to Correctly Measure the Engel’s Coefficient of Rural Residents in China?Empirical Research Based on Macro and Micro Perspectives

作　　者：余峰[1] YU Feng(School of Economics,Shanxi University of Finance&Economics,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学经济学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《经济问题》2021年第7期37-44,共8页On Economic Problems

基　　金：山西省高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目(201803018)。

摘　　要：恩格尔系数是我国全面实现小康战略的重要指标,但是根据统计年鉴数据直接计算的恩格尔系数却不能正确反映我国居民的真实生活水平。从中国实际出发,首先采用中国各省份农村宏观数据,对目前农村恩格尔系数扭曲的现象和原因进行了深入分析,指出居民的饮食消费习惯和地区差异是影响恩格尔系数的重要原因,并根据估计结果对统计年鉴公布的恩格尔系数进行了修正,使其能够正确反映我国各地区农村居民的生活状况;在此基础上运用中国家庭追踪调查微观数据,引入地区差异变量,进一步分析了住房攀比对食品支出的挤出效应。估计结果表明,受社会地位寻求驱动,农户在住房上的攀比以及向城镇居民生活方式的效仿等都会导致食品支出相对减少,从而影响恩格尔系数的测度。Engel’s coefficient is an important index to building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in China,but the Engel’s coefficient calculated directly from the statistical yearbook data cannot reflect the real living standard of Chinese residents correctly.Based on the actual situation in China,this paper firstly analyzes the phenomenon and the reason of the distortion of Engel’s coefficient in rural areas by using the macro data of all provinces in China,points out that the diet consumption habits and regional difference are the important factors affecting the Engel’s coefficient,and revises engel’s coefficient to make it can correctly reflect the living conditions of the rural residents in different regions;On this basis,using the micro data of China’s household tracking survey,the paper further analyzes the crowding out effect of housing comparison on food expenditure.The estimation results show that driven by the social status seeking,the housing comparison and the imitation of urban residents’lifestyle will lead to the relative reduction of food expenditure,thus affecting the measurement of Engel’s coefficient.

关 键 词：恩格尔系数 食品支出 住房需求 收入差距 地位寻求 

分 类 号：F726[经济管理—产业经济]