青藏高原高寒草原与草甸土壤可蚀性的关键因子  

Key Factors of Soil Erodibility for Alpine Grassland and Meadow in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：魏宁[1] 于文竹 安克俭 魏霞[2] 赵恒策 Wei Ning;Yu Wenzhu;An Kejian;Wei Xia;Zhao Hengce(College of Science,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学理学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2021年第3期87-93,102,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室开放基金;兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金“全球变暖背景下青藏高原多年冻土区主要下垫面土壤侵蚀过程与侵蚀强度空间分布特征研究”(lzujbky-2018-kb01)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨青藏高原高寒草原与草甸土壤可蚀性特征差异,为高寒草原草甸土壤可蚀性研究提供重要参考。[方法]选取18个变化因子作为草原与草甸土壤可蚀性评价的影响因子,运用主成分分析、逐步回归分析以及通径分析法,确定高寒草原与草甸土壤可蚀性的主要影响因素,筛选青藏高原高寒草原与草甸土壤可蚀性的关键因子。[结果]高寒草原土壤可蚀性主要受土壤粒径与团聚体特征两方面的影响,高寒草甸土壤可蚀性主要受粒径孔隙分布、有机质、团聚体特征和渗透性能的影响;高寒草原土壤可蚀性的关键因子为:粉粒、团聚体平均质量直径(MWD)、团聚体>2 mm粒级结构体破坏率(PAD>2)和>0.25 mm粒级结构体破坏率(PAD>0.25),草甸土壤可蚀性关键因子为:粉粒、黏粒、>1 mm粒级结构体破坏率(PAD>1)和饱和导水率。[结论]草原与草甸土壤主要在颗粒机械组成、有机质含量、含水量等方面表现出较大差异,草甸土壤状态更适合于植被发育。[Objective]The differences in soil erodibility between alpine grassland and alpine meadow in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were determined,in order to provide important reference for soil erodibility in alpine grassland.[Methods]18 change factors were selected as potential influencing factors of soil erodibility for grassland and meadow.Principal component analysis,stepwise regression analysis,and path analysis were used to determine the main influencing factors of soil erodibility in order to select the key factors.[Results]The soil erodibility of alpine grassland was mainly affected by soil particle size and aggregate characteristics.Soil erodibility of alpine meadow was mainly affected by particle size and pore distribution,organic matter,aggregate characteristics,and permeability.The key factors of soil erodibility in alpine grassland were as follows:silt,mean weight diameter(MWD),aggregate size>2 mm processing damage rate(PAD>2),and aggregate size>0.25 mm processing damage rate(PAD>0.25).The key factors of soil erodibility in alpine meadow were as follows:silt,clay,aggregates size>1 mm processing damage rate(PAD>1),and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity.[Conclusion]Grassland and meadow soil showed great differences in particle mechanical composition,organic matter content,water content,and so on.The state of meadow soil was more suitable for vegetation development.

关 键 词：高寒草原 高寒草甸 土壤可蚀性 主成分分析 通径分析 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]