中国城市生活用水效率及收入、价格弹性评估  

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Chinese Cities’Urban Domestic Water Consumption and its Income and Price Elasticity

作　　者：李治涛[1] 高文程 魏贤达 高文静 LI Zhi-tao;GAO Wen-cheng;WEI Xian-da;GAO Wen-jing(School of Law,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Beijing Capital Group Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100027,China;Beijing Capital Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100044,China;School of Physics and Electronic-electrical Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学法学院,银川750021 [2]北京首都创业集团有限公司,北京100027 [3]北京首创股份有限公司,北京100044 [4]宁夏大学物理与电子电气工程学院,银川750021

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2021年第7期202-208,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：宁夏大学社会科学基金项目“宁夏引黄灌区灌溉文化遗产的民族学研究”(SK18004)。

摘　　要：为有效引导中国城市提高生活用水效率,借鉴标杆管理思路,根据正态分布统计学特征,构建城市生活用水效率的标杆体系,对中国城市生活用水效率进行了系统性评估,并通过构建双对数模型,对水量、水价两项生活用水重要影响因子的影响弹性进行了定量化分析评估。结果表明,中国城市人均日生活用水量稳中有降,主要得益于生活用水效率较低的城市和水资源禀赋较高的城市生活水效提升;各城市间的人均日生活用水量差异显著,但这种差异呈现缩小趋势;收入弹性基本稳定,人均可支配收入增长10%,人均生活用水量增长7%左右,而价格弹性不断变小,从2009年的-0.484逐年下降至2013年的-0.187,意味着城市水价微调对于生活用水的影响越来越小,为更好发挥水价机制在水资源配置方面的作用,需要推动水价政策变革。In order to effectively guide Chinese cities to improve domestic water efficiency,the concept of benchmarking management is introduced to establish the benchmarking system of China’s urban domestic water use efficiency to conduct a systematic evaluation according to general statistical characteristics of normal distribution.And double logarithmic model is established and applied to quantitatively evaluate the extent and trend of the two key factors’effect including water price and per capita disposable income.The result shows that China’s urban average per capita domestic water consumption keep stable with a slight decline,mainly benefiting from the increase of water use efficiency of those cities with relatively low water use efficiency or rich water resources.There is a significant difference in per capita domestic water consumption among China’s cities,but this difference shows a narrowing trend.Income elasticity keeps stable,and when the per capita disposable income rose 10%,per capita domestic water consumption will increase by 7%.While price elasticity declined from -0.484 in 2009 to 0.187 in 2013 showing a trend of decreasing,which means the impact of urban water price fine-tuning on domestic water consumption gets smaller.In order to better play the role of water price mechanism in water resource allocation,we need to promote the reform of water price policy.

关 键 词：城市生活用水 水效评估 水价 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]