紫苏腺毛的形态及发育研究  

Morphology and Development of Glandular Trichomes on Leaves of Perilla frutescens

作　　者：李卫萍[1] 姚宇 温春梅 郭佳琪 郭宝林[1] LI Wei-ping;YAO Yu;WEN Chun-mei;GUO Jia-qi;GUO Bao-lin(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2021年第6期987-992,998,共7页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：北京工商大学北京市植物资源研究开发重点实验室开放课题(PRRD-2018-YBT)。

摘　　要：目的:研究紫苏叶表皮腺毛的类型和分布,以及产生和贮藏挥发油的腺毛类型。方法:以紫苏叶片为材料进行组织化学及透明叶观察。结果:紫苏叶片上的腺毛有2种类型,分别为头状腺毛和盾状腺毛。盾状腺毛的头部由8个分泌细胞组成,大量分布在叶背面;头状腺毛又分为短柄头状腺毛和长柄头状腺毛,仅分布在叶背面的叶脉。萜类成分主要在盾状腺毛的分泌物中。盾状腺毛在幼叶期已经有较大的密度和分泌程度,至成熟叶时密度开始降低,且非叶脉的叶表面上盾状腺毛密度较大。结论:在幼叶即将完全成熟时对叶片中部盾状腺毛密度进行观察,盾状腺毛发育情况可用于评价紫苏叶产生挥发油的能力。Objective:The volatile oil is the main active ingredient in the leaves of Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt.Studying the type and distribution of glandular trichomes on the leaf surface and the glandular trichomes that produce and store volatile oil can reveal the secretion and storage of volatile oil.Methods:The transparent leaf observation method and histochemical method were employed to study the glandular trichomes on the leaves of P.frutescens.Results:The leaves of P.frutescens have two types of glandular trichomes:peltate glandular trichomes and capitate glandular trichomes.The head of peltate glandular trichome is composed of 8 secretory cells which concentrate on the back of leaf blade.The capitate glandular trichomes include short-stemmed and long-stemmed glandular trichomes,existing only on the veins at the back of leaf blade.The head of short-stemmed glandular trichome is composed of 1,2 or 4 cells,and that of long-stemmed glandular trichome consists of 1 or 2 secretory cells.Only the peltate glandular trichomes contain terpenoids,while the capitate glandular trichomes lack these components.The peltate glandular trichomes on the young leaves have high density and secretory activity.When the leaves mature,the density of peltate glandular trichomes decreases and is higher on the mesophyll than on the vein.Conclusion:To evaluate the ability of P.frutescens leaves to produce volatile oil,we should observe the peltate glandular trichomes in the middle of the young leaves which are about to be fully mature.

关 键 词：紫苏 叶挥发油 头状腺毛 盾状腺毛 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]