基于改进最小二乘法的低压集抄系统故障量化诊断方法  

Fault Quantitative Diagnosis Method of Low Voltage Centralized Reading System Based on Improved Least Square Method

作　　者：翟剑华 曹丹丹 ZHAI Jian-hua;CAO Dan-dan(NR Electric Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 211102,China)

机构地区：[1]南京南瑞继保电气有限公司,南京211102

出　　处：《电力学报》2021年第3期228-235,244,共9页Journal of Electric Power

摘　　要：低压集抄系统的电力线路会因大电磁干扰效应等问题,使其载波通信效率和精准度受到影响。为提高低压集抄系统故障诊断的实时性和准确性,避免传统最小二乘法实现曲线拟合的高阶复杂计算,提出基于改进最小二乘法的低压集抄系统故障量化诊断方法,并考虑提高不同天气条件下完成低压集抄系统故障量化诊断的可靠性和实际运行质量的评估水平。通过改进重要抽样算法获取低压集抄系统故障指标,采用单指标值归一化函数统一量纲处理各个故障指标,并用层次分析法和熵值法获取各项故障指标的主观权重和客观权重,再利用改进最小二乘法组合优化主观权重与客观权重,获取各指标的综合权重,实现低压集抄系统的故障量化诊断。以辽宁某电网公司的低压集抄系统为试验对象,对其管辖范围的不同居住区进行低压集抄系统的故障量化诊断实测,试验样本的总户数为362户,其中别墅区98户、高层居住区206户、农村58户。故障指标的评估测试结果表明,运行中的故障指标评估测试较精准;故障指标识别成功率测试中分别统计了在阴天、雪天、雷雨天等3种气候环境下,试验样本的单点实召正向有功电量响应时间、批量实召正向有功电量响应时间、日冻结数据抄读成功率、重点用户整点数据抄读成功率、拉合闸成功率等5项故障指标的识别成功率,结果表明,识别成功率均达到97.5%以上。实时性评估测试分别对阴天、雪天、雷雨天等3种气候环境下,3种居住区的低压集抄系统故障诊断速度进行评估,取其5次诊断速度的平均值作为最终的速度评估结果,结果显示试验的实时性评估效果都明显优于传统方法。故所提方法可实现不同气候条件下、不同居住区的低压集抄系统故障的准确、实时诊断,为低压集抄系统的故障量化诊断提供有价值的方案。The power line of the low-voltage centralized reading system will be affected by the large electromag-netic interference effect,and the efficiency and accuracy of the carrier communication will be affected by the harsh operating environment.In order to improve the real-time and accuracy of the fault diagnosis of the low-voltage centralized reading system and avoid the high-order complex calculation of the curve fitting by the tradi-tional least square method,the fault quantitative diagnosis method of the low-voltage centralized reading system based on the improved least square method is proposed,and the reliability of the fault quantitative diagnosis of the low-voltage centralized reading system and the actual operation quality evaluation level under different weather conditions are considered.The fault indexes of low-voltage centralized reading system are obtained by improving the important sampling algorithm,and the single index value normalization function is used to unify the dimension to deal with each fault index.The subjective and objective weights of each fault index are obtained by analytic hierarchy process and entropy method,and then the improved least square method is used to optimize the subjective and objective weights to obtain the comprehensive weight of each index,so as to realize the fault quantitative diagnosis of low-voltage centralized reading system.Taking the low-voltage centralized reading system of a power grid company in Liaoning Province as the experimental object,the fault quantitative diagnosis and measurement of the low-voltage centralized reading system in different residential areas under its jurisdiction are carried out.The test samples are as follows:the total number of households is 362,including 98 villas,206 high-rise residential areas and 58 rural households.The evaluation test results of fault indicators show that the evaluation test of fault indicators in operation is more accurate.The success rate test of fault index recognition statistics in cloudy,snowy,thunderstorm and

关 键 词：低压集抄系统 故障量化诊断 改进最小二乘法 可靠性评估 层次分析法 熵值法故障指标 主观权重 客观权重 

分 类 号：TM732[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]