基于循环流化床燃烧技术的煤泥利用  

Coal Slime Utilization Based on Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Technology

作　　者：姚禹歌 周传新 辛金明 蒋文斌[1] 张缦[1] YAO Yu-ge;ZHOU Chuan-xin;XIN Jin-ming;JIANG Wen-bin;ZHANG Man(Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education,Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Shandong Yankuang Jisan Power Co.,Ltd.,Jining 272069,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学能源与动力工程系热科学与动力工程教育部重点实验室,北京100084 [2]山东兖矿济三电力有限公司,山东济宁272069

出　　处：《电力学报》2021年第3期236-244,共9页Journal of Electric Power

基　　金：山西省科技重大专项资助项目(20181102001)。

摘　　要：煤泥是煤炭加工的一个主要副产物,它难以存储,容易造成严重的环境污染。我国煤泥产量大,但是综合利用率较低,煤泥的清洁规模化消纳对我国的低碳发展有重要意义。循环流化床(CFB)燃烧技术具有燃料适应性广的特点,有规模化消纳煤泥的潜能,若能在燃用煤泥的情况下保证CFB锅炉机组的稳定运行,发电成本将会大幅降低。历经30余年的研发,CFB锅炉在我国现已广泛应用于煤泥的燃烧,处于世界领先地位。目前在中小机组上已经可以实现大比例掺烧或者全燃煤泥的运行,掌握了煤泥CFB燃烧的关键技术,带来了显著的社会效益和经济效益。100 MW级CFB锅炉可实现全燃煤泥的满负荷稳定;300 MW级CFB锅炉在满负荷时最大掺烧比可达84%,在中低负荷时可实现全燃煤泥运行;超临界CFB锅炉机组在进行低、中比例掺烧煤泥实践。燃用煤泥对CFB锅炉机组的影响是煤泥规模化清洁消纳工程应用的关键研究方向。在运行参数方面,由于燃用煤泥含水量高,造成床温降低和尾部烟道中烟气温度、流量和流速的改变,可通过加大引风机的功率维持系统正常的运行;因煤泥颗粒较细,含灰量大,容易随高温烟气进入尾部烟道,实际运行中通过配合调整给料方式、煤泥粒度、锅炉负荷等工况,可有效降低CFB锅炉排渣量,且可能存在一个最佳的掺烧比,使锅炉整体效率达到最高;此外,掺烧煤泥引发的床温影响了炉内脱硫效率,在实际运行中,通过综合调整一次风量,二次风量,石灰石的钙硫比等多个运行参数,减少污染排放量。在运行问题方面:对于燃用煤泥流动性较差,现一般采用达到兆帕级的高压泵施加输运压力,和通过多个并联的给料口同时给料等方式应对;同时,燃用高灰分煤泥会引起循环流率的显著提升,造成炉膛内床压大幅波动,普遍采取从炉顶给入炉膛,形成煤泥颗粒团和注意保持床存量等�Coal slime is one of the main by-products of coal processing,which is difficult to store and easy to cause serious environmental pollution.China's coal slime production is large,but the comprehensive utilization rate is low.Clean and large-scale consumption of coal slime is of great significance to China’s low-carbon de-velopment.Circulating fluidized bed(CFB)combustion technology has the characteristics of wide fuel adaptability and the potential of large-scale consumption of coal slime.If the stable operation of CFB boiler unit can be en-sured under the condition of burning coal slime,the power generation cost will be greatly reduced.After more than 30 years of research and development in China,CFB boiler has been widely used in coal slime combustion in China,and is in the leading position in the world.At present in small and medium-sized units have been able to achieve a large proportion of mixed combustion or coal-fired sludge operation,master the key technology of CFB combustion of coal slime,has brought significant social and economic benefits.100 MW CFB boiler can achieve full load stability of coal-fired sludge.The maximum mixing ratio of 300 MW CFB boiler can reach 84%at full load,and the full coal-fired sludge operation can be realized at medium and low load.Supercritical CFB boiler unit in the low,medium proportion mixed burning coal slime practice.The influence of burning coal slime on CFB boiler unit is the key research direction of large-scale clean coal slime consumption engineering application.In terms of operating parameters,due to the high water content of coal slime,the bed temperature is reduced and the flue gas temperature,flow rate and flow rate in the tail flue are changed,which can maintain the normal operation of the system by increasing the power of the induced draft fan.Because of the fine coal slime particles and large ash content,it is easy to enter the tail flue with high temperature flue gas.In actual operation,the slag discharge of CFB boiler can be effectively reduced by adjusti

关 键 词：循环流化床(CFB) 煤泥 掺烧 全燃 发展历程 运行参数 运行问题 高效清洁 规模化消纳 低碳发展 

分 类 号：TK16[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]