播期对机插杂交籼稻不同茎蘖部位稻穗枝梗数和颖花数的影响  

Effects of sowing date on the numbers of branches and spikelets per panicle of machine-transplanted indica hybrid rice at different tiller positions

作　　者：钟晓媛[1] 邓飞[1] 陈多 田青兰 赵敏[1,3] 王丽 陶有凤[1] 任万军 ZHONG Xiao-Yuan;DENG Fei;CHEN Duo;TIAN Qing-Lan;ZHAO Min;WANG Li;TAO You-Feng;REN Wan-Jun(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology,and Cultivation in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wenjiang 611130,Sichuan,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;Agricultural Bureau,Guang’an,638550,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130 [2]广西农业科学院,广西南宁530007 [3]广安市农业局,四川广安638550

出　　处：《作物学报》2021年第10期2012-2027,共16页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301702,2018YFD030141-04);四川省育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0051)资助。

摘　　要：为探究播期对机插杂交籼稻不同茎蘖部位稻穗枝梗数和颖花数的影响,以穗型差异较大的杂交籼稻品种F优498和宜香优2115为材料,通过分期播种试验研究机插杂交籼稻不同播期下不同茎蘖部位稻穗的枝梗数和颖花数。结果表明,(1)每穗一次、二次颖花数及二次枝梗数为:主茎>一次分蘖>二次分蘖,主茎和一次分蘖的一次、二次颖花数及二次枝梗数随播期推迟呈增加趋势,且平均一次、二次颖花数及二次枝梗数也随播期推迟而增加。每穗总枝梗数及总颖花数表现出了相同趋势。平均每穗总枝梗数和总颖花数也随播期推迟呈增加趋势。(2)相关分析表明,主茎、一次分蘖和二次分蘖的每穗总枝梗数及总颖花数与平均每穗总枝梗数及总颖花数呈极显著正相关,相关系数表现为主茎>一次分蘖>二次分蘖,且通径分析表明,主茎和一次分蘖的每穗总枝梗数及总颖花数对平均每穗总枝梗数及总颖花数的贡献率远大于二次分蘖。(3)主茎、一次分蘖和平均每穗大部分枝梗及颖花性状与穗分化期最高温度、平均温度和平均日照时数呈显著或极显著的正相关。综合看来,不同播期下主茎、一次分蘖和二次分蘖的枝梗数和颖花数有较大差异,选择大穗型籼稻品种进行机插更有利于获得较高的稻穗枝梗数和颖花数,同时根据播期确定相应的高产策略,早播机插在保证较高一次分蘖数的基础上,应注重提高每穗枝梗数和颖花数以提高产量,迟播机插在保证较高每穗颖花数的基础上,应注重提高结实率、千粒重。In order to explore the effects of sowing date on the numbers of branches and spikelets per panicle of machine-transplanted indica hybrid rice on the main stems(MS),primary tillers(PT)and secondary tillers(ST),a split plot field experiment was conducted with five sowing dates by using two indica hybrid rice varieties(F you 498 and Yixiangyou 2115)as materials.The results were as follows:(1)The numbers of spikelets on the primary branches and secondary branches,and the numbers of secondary branches on different tiller positions ranked:MS>PT>ST;the numbers of spikelets on the primary branches and secondary branches,and the numbers of secondary branches on the MS and PT,as well as the whole hill,were increased with delaying sowing date.These contributed to the increase in the numbers of total branches and spikelets per panicle on the MS,PT,and averaged over all panicles in a hill with delaying sowing date.(2)The correlation analysis showed that the numbers of total branches and spikelets per panicle on the MS,PT,and ST were significantly positively correlated with the numbers of total branches and spikelets averaged over all panicles in a hill,and the correlation coefficients ranked:MS>PT>ST.Compared to the ST,the numbers of total branches and spikelets of the MS and PT possessed higher contributions to the numbers of total branches and spikelets averaged over all panicles in a hill.(3)The branches and spikelets traits on the MS,PT,and the averaged over all panicles in a hill of different panicle types were significantly affected by the temperature and sunshine duration at panicle differentiation stage.Most branches and spikelets traits on the MS,PT,and the mean per panicle per hill were significantly positively correlated with the average daily maximum and mean temperatures,and average daily sunshine hours.In conclusion,the numbers of branches and spikelets on the MS,PT,and ST were differed to sowing date,and the using of varieties with large panicle type was helpful to increase the numbers of branches and spikelet

关 键 词：机插水稻 播期 茎蘖部位 枝梗数 颖花数 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]