水稻耐盐性分子遗传研究进展  

Research Progress on Molecular Genetics of Rice Salt Tolerance

作　　者：刘凯[1] 朱静雯[1] 宛柏杰 代金英 唐红生[1] 孙明法[1] LIU Kai;ZHU Jing-wen;WAN Bai-jie;DAI Jin-ying;TANG Hong-sheng;SUN Ming-fa(Coastal Areas of Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Yancheng 224002)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所,盐城224002

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2021年第4期881-889,共9页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(18)2013);江苏省科技支撑计划(BE2019375-2)。

摘　　要：水稻是全球最重要的粮食作物之一,而土地盐碱化严重制约着全球水稻的生产发展。水稻对盐胁迫表现出中度敏感,其耐盐性是受多基因控制的数量性状,容易受环境的影响。不同的水稻品种在不同的生长阶段涉及的耐盐响应和调控基因都会有所差异。目前大部分学者都将研究重点集中于水稻苗期耐盐性,而缺乏对水稻生殖生长期耐盐表型的鉴定,因而选育全生育期耐盐水稻品种是改良盐碱地的重要途径之一。近年来,利用分子生物学手段已定位大量的水稻耐盐QTL,但是可供水稻育种家利用的QTL屈指可数。目前只有通过多方法多途径综合解析水稻的耐盐机制,挖掘耐盐的主效基因或QTL,才能有助于为培育水稻耐盐新品种提供理论指导。同时,经过多年努力,我国在耐盐水稻新品种选育方面也取得了显著进展。在此基础上,本文综述了水稻耐盐基因组学、表观遗传学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学等方面的最新研究进展,为进一步探索水稻耐盐性的分子机理及培育耐盐水稻品种提供参考依据。Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world.Since this crop is moderately sensitive to salt stress,land salinization is therefore a factor that restricts the increase of global rice production.Its salt tolerance is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes and is easily affected by the environment.Different rice varieties have different salt tolerance responses and regulatory genes at different growth stages.At present,most studies focus on the salt tolerance of rice at the seedling stage,whereas identification of salt-tolerant phenotypes during the reproductive growth period of rice is rarely conducted.Breeding for new varieties showing salt-tolerant in lifecycle and its application is one of the optimal ways to improve saline soil.In recent years,a large number of salt-tolerant QTLs for rice have been mapped using molecular biology methods,but there are only a handful of QTLs available to rice breeders.At present,only by comprehensively analyzing the salt-tolerant mechanism of rice through multiple methods and multiple approaches,and mining the major genes or QTLs for salt-tolerance,can it be helpful to provide theoretical guidance for the cultivation of new salt-tolerant varieties of rice.At the same time,after years of hard work,my country has also made significant progress in the selection and breeding of new salt-tolerant rice varieties.On this basis,the article reviews the latest research progress in genomics,epigenetics,proteomics and metabolomics on salt tolerance,and provides a reference for exploring the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance and breeding for salt-tolerant varieties in rice.

关 键 词：水稻 耐盐性 分子遗传 研究进展 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]