EMS诱导济麦22突变体库的构建及表型变异分析  

EMS-induced Mutagenesis and Phenotypic Variation Analysis in Wheat Variety Jimai 22

作　　者：袁凯 张伟[1] 温宏伟 张婷[1] 杨斌[1] 史晓芳 姬虎太 张明义 逯腊虎 YUAN Kai;ZHANG Wei;WEN Hong-wei;ZHANG Ting;YANG Bin;SHI Xiao-fang;JI Hu-tai;ZHANG Ming-yi;LU La-hu(Wheat Research Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen 041000)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学小麦研究所,临汾041000

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2021年第4期979-988,共10页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D211004-2);国家重点研发项目(2016YFD0101602);山西省农业科学院生物育种工程项目(17YZGC013);山西省面上青年基金项目(201801D221314)。

摘　　要：通过构建小麦EMS突变体库,创制特殊突变材料,从而丰富遗传多样性,并从中筛选出优异种质资源。利用EMS诱变处理济麦22种子构建了M2代突变体库,对其表型性状突变率进行了统计分析。此外,对前期筛选出的农艺性状优良且遗传稳定的济麦22 M8代籽粒品质性状进行了分析测定。结果表明:(1)通过对22599株M2代材料进行农艺性状和其他生物学性状的调查,共筛选出5002个表观突变体,突变率为22.13%,包括育性、生育期、穗、芒、叶部、株型、分蘖、株高、粒色等,并筛选出大穗、多蘖、矮秆等优良农艺形状的材料和独秆、多粒、无蜡质、叶退化、不育等具有极端性状的材料。(2)对M8诱变材料的籽粒和品质性状进行筛选和鉴定,发现粒形、粒长、饱满度和粒色等性状产生了突变。经EMS诱变后8个品质性状的变异系数由大到小依次为最大拉伸阻力>拉伸面积>稳定时间>沉降值>硬度>蛋白含量>湿面筋含量>吸水率。综合这些性状初步筛选出8份品质优于野生型的突变材料,其中403-1、403-2、403-3、85-2等4份材料各有至少3个品质性状显著优于野生型。这些突变体为小麦育种和功能基因研究提供了重要的种质资源和材料基础。In order to enrich the genetic diversity of common wheat,an EMS(Ethyl Methane Sulfonate)-induced mutagenesis population using the elite variety Jimai 22 was produced and the phenotypic variation in M2 generation plants was analyzed.The seed quality-related traits in M8 mutants showing excellent agronomical performance were further investigated.The results showed that:(1)out of 22599 M2 mutant plants,5002 showed visible phenotypic variations with a rate of 22.13%.The phenotypic variations on fertility,growth period,ear,awn,leaf,plant type,tiller,plant height,grain color were observed.These mutants with bigger spike,multiple tillers,short stem,single stem,increased grains,no wax,leaf degradation and sterility were detected.(2)In M8 mutagenized lines,the morphological variations on grain shape,grain length,fullness and grain color were found.The variation coefficient regarding to eight quality-related traits was calculated(maximum tensile resistance>tensile area>stability time>sedimentation value>hardness>protein content>wet gluten content>water absorption).Eight mutant lines showing improved performance(in relative to Jimai 22)had been identified.For example,four lines including 403-1,403-2,403-3 and 85-2 showed significant improvement on at least 3 characters.Collectively,these mutants provided germplasm resource valuable for wheat breeding and deciphering the gene function.

关 键 词：济麦22 EMS诱变 农艺性状 籽粒品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]