基于时频域信噪比的自适应增益限反Q滤波方法  

Self-adaptive gain-limit inverse Q filtering method based on SNR in time-frequency domain

作　　者：赵岩[1,2] 毛宁波 陈旭[3] ZHAO Yan;MAO Ningbo;CHEN Xu(Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources,Ministry of Education,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China;School of Geophysics and Oil Resources,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China;Institute of Mud Logging Technology and Engineering,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室(长江大学),武汉430100 [2]长江大学地球物理与石油资源学院,武汉430100 [3]长江大学录井技术与工程研究院,湖北荆州434023

出　　处：《岩性油气藏》2021年第4期85-92,共8页Lithologic Reservoirs

基　　金：油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室(长江大学)开放基金资助项目“抗噪反Q滤波方法研究及应用”(编号:K2018-13)资助。

摘　　要：自适应增益限反Q滤波方法考虑了地震记录的有效频带,较好地平衡了有效振幅补偿和无效噪声能量压制。为了更好地压制噪声从而来提高反Q滤波后地震资料的信噪比,基于自适应增益限反Q滤波方法,并结合时频域信噪比,提出一种基于时频域信噪比的自适应增益限反Q滤波方法。该方法根据时频域信噪比阈值确定地震资料的有效频带,使反Q滤波的振幅补偿增益限自适应于有效频带的截止频率,对不同时刻的地震记录进行时变增益限振幅补偿。理论模型数据和实际地震资料的应用结果表明,与常规稳定的反Q滤波方法相比,基于时频域信噪比的自适应增益限反Q滤波方法可有效补偿地震信号的振幅能量,同时,可压制有效频带以外的噪声能量,并可提高反Q滤波后地震记录的信噪比和分辨率。Self-adaptive gain-limit inverse Q filtering method considers the effective frequency band of seismic records,and balances the compensation of effective amplitude and the suppression of invalid noise energy.In order to suppress the noise and improve the SNR(signal-to-noise ratio)of seismic data after inverse Q filtering,based on the self-adaptive gain-limited inverse Q filtering method and signal-to-noise ratio in time-frequency domain,a self-adaptive gain-limit inverse Q filtering method based on SNR in time-frequency domain was proposed.Firstly,based on the relevant theory,the statistic of signal and noise was extracted from the adjacent seismic traces of the seismic records,and the SNR in time-frequency domain was estimated in a multi-channel aver age manner.Then,the cut-off frequency of the effective frequency band was determined according to the threshold of SNR.Finally,the gain-limit of amplitude compensation to the cut-off frequency of the effective frequency band was adapted,and amplitude compensation of the time-varying gain-limit for seismic records at different moments was performed.The application of theoretical model data and real seismic data shows that compared with the conventional stable inverse Q filtering method,the proposed method can effectively compensate the amplitude energy of seismic records,suppress noise outside the effective frequency band,and improve the SNR and resolution of seismic records after inverse Q filtering.

关 键 词：反Q滤波 时频域信噪比 自适应增益限 有效频带 高分辨率处理 振幅补偿 噪声压制 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]