性与性别的医学检验:新中国成立初期上海婚前健康检查的短暂试行  

Medical Examination of Sex and Gender:A Brief Trial of Premarital Health Examination in Shanghai in the Early Years of the People's Republic of China

作　　者：王瀛培 徐华博 Wang Yingpei;Xu Huabo(School of Marxism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu,China;School of Historical Culture and Tourism,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学马克思主义学院,安徽芜湖241002 [2]江西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2021年第4期179-191,共13页Tribune of Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目《政治、日常与城市:“十七年”上海婚姻变迁研究》阶段性成果,项目批准号:19YJC770029。

摘　　要：新中国成立后,中央政府颁布了新《婚姻法》,其中对打算结婚的男女双方的身体健康作出了明文要求。全国部分城市开始试行婚前健康检查,上海便是其一。上海试行过程中,男女双方的"性"问题受到瞩目,"性器官缺陷"与"性病"被广为聚焦。新《婚姻法》背景下的婚检也与男女两性之间的"性别"问题密不可分,既体现在医学对婚检的学术表述中,又反映在婚检在两性身体的具体实践中。前者显现了身体性别的平等,后者则出现了偏差,最终反映了社会性别的差异。此次婚检试行仓促结束,既有客观条件上的原因,如医疗资源的缺乏,也有社会性别上的原因。在性与性别问题背后,或许还牵涉到逐渐开始被批判的优生问题。After the founding of PRC, the central government promulgated the new Marriage Law, which made explicit requirements on the health of both the man and the woman who want to get married. Shanghai was one of several cities across the country that were experimenting with premarital health examination. During the trial in Shanghai, sexual problems between men and women became prominent, with "genital defects" and "venereal diseases" widely highlighted. Under the background of the new Marriage Law, premarital health examination was also inseparable from the "gender" problem between men and women, which is not only reflected in the academic expression of premarital health examination in medicine, but also reflected in the concrete practice of premarital health examination in the body of both sexes. The former shows gender equality in the body, while the latter shows deviation and finally reflects gender differences in the society. The reasons for the hasty end of the premarital health examination were not only objective conditions, such as lack of medical resources, but also gender reasons. Behind the issue of sex and gender, there may also be the eugenics that were increasingly being criticized.

关 键 词：性 性别 婚检 身体 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学]