塔里木盆地超深层油气地质认识与有利勘探领域  

Geological understanding and favorable exploration fields of ultra-deep formations in Tarim Basin

作　　者：杨学文[1] 田军[1] 王清华[1] 李亚林[1] 杨海军[1] 李勇[1] 唐雁刚[1] 袁文芳[1] 黄少英[1] Yang Xuewen;Tian Jun;Wang Qinghua;Li Yalin;Yang Haijun;Li Yong;Tang Yangang;Yuan Wenfang;Huang Shaoying(Petro China Tarim Oilfield Company)

机构地区：[1]中国石油塔里木油田公司

出　　处：《中国石油勘探》2021年第4期17-28,共12页China Petroleum Exploration

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“塔里木盆地盐下超深层油气分布规律及有利勘探区带评价”(2019YFC0605505)。

摘　　要：塔里木盆地油气勘探经历了浅层、深层并逐渐向超深层的过程,超深层勘探始于20世纪80年代,经过30多年的勘探,在超深层已发现克拉苏大气田、塔北大油田和塔中大凝析气田,在寒武系盐下也发现了多个重要苗头,超深层已经成为油田增储上产的重要组成部分,并成为盆地未来油气勘探的重要方向。总结30多年超深层勘探地质认识,认为塔里木盆地超深层油气形成主要受寒武系、石炭系—二叠系和三叠系—侏罗系烃源岩控制,与盆地经历的3个伸展—挤压构造旋回一致,超深层油气物质基础具有全球普遍性。塔里木超深层油气地质具有三方面特殊性,一是盆地早期持续浅埋、晚期快速深埋,超深层烃源岩仍可以大规模生烃,为超深层油气成藏提供油气来源。二是盆地是典型“冷盆”,超深层液态烃仍可保存,主力烃源岩仍处于生气高峰期,超深层油气相态多样。三是盆地不同地区超深层油气成藏组合差异大,但均可划分为三大成藏组合。在石油地质条件重新认识基础上,对每个成藏组合进行了综合评价,认为下组合和中组合勘探潜力巨大,指出了8个超深层勘探有利领域。针对新区新领域超深层油气勘探,提出了“扩展中组合、突破下组合”的勘探思路,争取获得勘探战略突破,为油田高质量发展奠定资源基础。Tarim Basin is a large multi-cycle superimposed basin with complex petroleum geological conditions.Oil and gas exploration in the basin has shifted from shallow,deep to ultra-deep formations,of which the last stage began in the 1980s.After more than 30 years of exploration in ultra-deep formations,Kelasu Gasfield,Tabei Oilfield and Tazhong condensate gas field have been discovered,and multiple major signs found in the Cambrian subsalt.At present,the ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs have become an important part of increasing reserve and production,and a major exploration target in the basin.In this paper,geological understandings of ultra-deep formations are summarized from more than 30 years’exploration practice.It is considered that the ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs in Tarim Basin is mainly controlled by source rocks of Cambrian,Carboniferous-Permian and Triassic-Jurassic,which were deposited at the same periods with three tectonic cycles of extension-compression experienced by the basin,and the material basis of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs is universal in the world.Meanwhile,there are three peculiarities in petroleum geological conditions of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs in Tarim Basin.First,the basin experienced shallow burying for a long period and rapidly deep burying in the late stage.The ultra-deep source rocks are still able to generate hydrocarbon on a large scale,which provides material source for ultra-deep oil and gas reservoir.Second,the basin is a typical“cold basin”,where the ultra-deep liquid hydrocarbon is still preserved,and the main source rocks are still in the peak of gas generation,therefore the oil and gas phases are diverse.Third,there are great differences in hydrocarbon accumulation assemblages of ultra-deep formations in different areas,all of which can be divided into three major combinations.Based on the new understanding of petroleum geological conditions,a comprehensive evaluation of each combination is conducted.It is considered that the exploration potential

关 键 词：塔里木盆地 超深层 地质认识 勘探领域 

分 类 号：TE111.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]