超亲优势数量遗传学理论推导及其在玉米育种中的应用  

Quantitative Genetics Theory of Over-parent Heterosis and Related Application in Maize Breeding

作　　者：陈泽辉[1] 吴迅 王安贵[1] 祝云芳[1] 郭向阳[1] 刘鹏飞 CHEN Ze-hui;WU Xun;WANG An-gui;ZHU Yun-fang;GUO Xiang-yang;LIU Peng-fei(Upland Crops Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guizhou Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院旱粮研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第6期1131-1137,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家“七大作物育种”专项(2016YFD0101206-4);贵州省高层次创新型人才项目(2018)5629。

摘　　要：【目的】超亲优势作为杂种优势的一种表现形式,被广泛用于生产实践,但对其认识仍处于不断加深中,对超亲优势数量遗传学理论进行推导,为玉米育种的理论指导提供参考。【方法】在综述前者研究成果的基础上,结合多年的玉米自交系和杂交种选育实践,基于加性-显性模型推导超亲优势数学表达式,探讨超亲优势可能的遗传基础及其在指导玉米自交系和杂交种选育方面的应用。【结果】基因型尺度模型下的中亲优势和超亲优势的数学表达式分别为MPH_(F_(1))≈Σdy~2及HPH_(F_(1))≈Σy(d-a)和LPH_(F_(1))≈Σ(d+a);单个位点下双亲基因频率差异和超显性效应是超亲优势形成的遗传基础;在多个位点下显性效应和上位性均会影响超亲优势表现。【结论】中亲优势和超亲优势的数学表达式MPH_(F_(1))≈Σdy^(2)和HPH_(F_(1))≈Σy(d-a)能很好地用于指导玉米育种实践。【Objective】Super parent heterosis is one of the heterosis biological phenomenon,which was widely used in production practice.The genetic basis of heterosis formation is complex,and there were many theoretical studies.However,the theory of heterosis especially for o-ver-parent heterosis is still under improvement.【Method】In this paper,based on the review of previous studies,breeding practice of maize inbred lines and hybrids,and the additive-dominant model,the mathematical expression of superparent dominance was deduced to explore the genetic basis of superparent dominance and its application in the selection of maize inbred lines and hybrids.【Result】The mathematical expression of intermediate-parent and over-parent heterosis was calculated as:HPH F 1≈Σy(d-a)and LPH F 1≈Σ(d+a).The genetic ba-sis of superparental dominance is the difference of parental gene frequency and superdominant effect at a single locus.【Conclusion】The mathematical expression of intermediate-parent and over-parent heterosis was calculated as:HPH F 1≈Σy(d-a)and LPH F 1≈Σ(d+a),which can be used to guide maize breeding practice.

关 键 词：玉米 超亲优势 两群双向选择 群间选系组配模式 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]