不同氮肥水平下香型杂交水稻产量特点与品种筛选  

Yield Characteristics and Cultivar Selection of Aromatic Hybrid Rice Under Different Nitrogen Rates

作　　者：秦俭[1] 蒋开锋[1] 罗婧[1] 李昭祥[1] 杨乾华[1] 杨莉[1] 曹应江[1] 游书梅[1] 李赓觅 张涛[1] 郑家奎[1] QIN Jian;JIANG Kai-feng;LUO Jing;LI Zhao-xiang;YANG Qian-hua;YANG Li;CAO Ying-jiang;YOU Shu-mei;LI Geng-mi;ZHANG Tao;ZHEN Jia-kui(Institute of Rice and Sorghum,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Sichuan Deyang 618000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所/农业农村部西南水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,四川德阳618000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第6期1249-1256,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省农业科学院青年基金专项(2017QNJJ-018);四川省水稻育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0028-5);四川省青年科技创新研究团队项目(2020JDTD0031)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较不同氮肥水平下香型杂交水稻品种产量及其构成特点,筛选对氮环境具有广适性的高产香型杂交水稻品种,为香型杂交水稻高产氮高效栽培和育种提供依据。【方法】以长江上游和四川近年审定的8个香型杂交水稻品种和3个非香型杂交水稻品种为材料,在低(施氮0 kg/hm^2)、中(施氮120 kg/hm^2)、高(施氮210 kg/hm~2)3个施氮水平下进行大田裂区试验,通过对比、相关分析和通径分析研究不同氮水平下各品种籽粒产量差异和产量构成特点。【结果】供试香型杂交水稻品种产量水平整体高于非香型对照品种冈优725和II优838,但低于F优498;不同氮水平下香型水稻品种间产量差异显著,品种产量差异主要体现在低氮下的产量和中氮增加到高氮时的产量变化。施氮增加了有效穗和每穗粒数,进而提高了颖花量和单穗重从而使水稻增产,香型品种施氮平均产量增幅小于非香型品种。与非香型品种相比,香型杂交水稻有效穗和千粒重优势明显,但每穗粒数和单穗重低于非香型品种。低氮下,香型水稻产量与有效穗数、每穗粒数和颖花量显著正相关,中、高氮水平下产量与产量构成因子均不显著,主要原因在于中、高氮下产量因子间相互抑制作用加剧。通径分析表明,颖花量均是不同氮水平下香型水稻产量的最大贡献因子,其次为单穗重。水稻品种产量在不同氮水平间呈现一定的直线相关性,中氮和高氮下产量相关性较好,但低氮和中氮下相关性略差。【结论】德优4727、德香146和花香7号在低氮水平下颖花量大,中、高氮水平下各产量因子相对协调,因而在不同施氮水平下均能收获较高籽粒产量,是本研究筛选出的高产高效香型杂交水稻品种。【Objective】This paper aimed to compare the difference of yield and yield composition characteristics of different aromatic hybrid rice cultivars and screened the high-yield cultivars suitable for different nitrogen conditions.【Method】8 aromatic hybrid rice cultivars and 3 non-aromatic cultivars were planted under three nitrogen application rates,including the low(0 kg/hm^(2)),medium(120 kg/hm^(2)),and high nitrogen rate(210 kg/hm^(2)).At maturity,the grain yield and yield composition characteristics of each cultivar were measured and compared,which was further analyzed by the correlation and path analyses.【Result】In most cases,the yield of aromatic rice cultivars was higher than that of non-aromatic control cultivars Gangyou 725 and II you 838,but lower than F you 498.Significant yield difference was observed among different rice cultivars,and the yield difference was mainly reflected under low nitrogen conditions or transfer from the medium to the high nitrogen conditions.Nitrogen application increased the panicle numbers per plant and spikelets per panicle,which in turn increased the total spikelets per plant and the panicle weight to increase the yield.The average yield increase of nitrogen application of aromatic varieties was smaller than that of non-aromatic varieties.Compared with non-aromatic cultivars,aromatic panicle rice had obvious advantages in panicle numbers and 1000-grain weight,however,the number of spikelets per panicle and panicle weight were lower than non-aromatic cultivars.The yield of aromatic cultivars was significantly positively correlated with the panicle numbers,the spikelets per panicle and the total spikelets per plant under the low nitrogen conditions.Whereas,there was no significant correlation between the yield and yield components under medium and high nitrogen conditions,which could be caused by the exacerbated inhibition between yield factors with nitrogen application increased.Path analysis showed that the total spikelets was the largest contributor to the yield of

关 键 词：香型杂交水稻 氮肥水平 产量 产量构成特点 品种筛选 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]