茄子种质资源表型性状分析与遗传多样性评价  

Analysis of Phenotypic Traits and Evaluation Genetic Diversity of Eggplant Germplasm Resources

作　　者：黄月琴[1] 方荣[1] 陈学军[1] 周坤华[1] 袁欣捷[1] 雷刚[1] HUANG Yueqin;FANG Rong;CHEN Xuejun;ZHOU Kunhua;YUAN Xinjie;LEI Gang(Vegetable and Flower Research Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2021年第7期1896-1904,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：赣南设施蔬菜越夏栽培关键技术研究与示范协同项目(No.JXXTCXFY201901);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(No.201503109);江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(No.JXARS-06)。

摘　　要：为有效利用茄子种质资源,基于17个表型性状对113份茄子种质进行鉴定与遗传多样性分析。结果表明:供试材料具有较为丰富的遗传多样性,变异系数变幅为8.2%~62.3%,平均32.7%,果形指数变异系数最大(62.3%),商品果光泽变异系数最小(8.2%);Shannon-Weaver遗传多样性指数为0.12~2.03,平均1.32,以始花节位最高(2.03),商品果光泽最低(0.12)。相关性分析表明株高、主茎高与始花节位互为正相关,熟性与主茎高、株高、始花节位正相关,与单果重负相关。主成分分析将17个性状提取为6个主因子、累计贡献率为70.936%,包含了全部指标的大部分信息;通过计算综合得分,有9份材料综合表现优良(F>0.8),可作为优势亲本材料加以利用。聚类分析显示,在遗传距离23.5处,将供试的113份种质资源划分为4个类群,第Ⅰ类群包含30份种质,多为早熟、紫黑色棒形果实;第Ⅱ类群包含26份种质,以中晚熟、果实紫红色棒形种质为主;第Ⅲ类群包含22份种质,平均果型指数最小,主要为紫色扁圆形或卵圆形果;第Ⅳ类群包含35份种质,大部分为中晚熟种质。本研究结果可为茄子种质资源的高效利用提供有益参考。For effective utilization of eggplant germplasm resources,113 eggplant germplasms were identified and the genetic diversity was analyzed based on 17 phenotypic traits.There was rich genetic diversity among the eggplant germplasms.The variation coefficient was ranged from 8.2%to 62.3%with a mean value of 32.7%,and the maximum and minimum coefficient of variation was the fruit shape index(62.3%)and fruit luster(8.2%),respectively.The Shan-non-Wiener diversity index was ranged from 0.12 to 2.03 with a mean of 1.32,and the highest diversity index was the first flower node with 2.03 and the lowest fruit luster with 0.12.Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between plant height,main stem height and first flower node,there was a negative correlation between the maturity and the single fruit weight,but positive correlation between the maturity and main stem,plant height and flower node.Principal component analysis showed that 17 phenotypic traits were classified into 6 main factors,and the six principal components had a cumulative contribution rate of 70.936%,nine germplasms with excellent comprehensive performance(F>0.8)could be used as dominant parent.Further systematic cluster analysis showed that the germplasms were classified into 4 groups at the genetic distance 23.5.GroupⅠcontained 30 accessions with most of early maturity and dark purple long rod fruit.GroupⅡincluded 26 germplasms which were most of mid-late maturity,and mauve fruit,GroupⅢhad 22 accessions with the lowest mean of index of fruit type,and purple oblate or ovoid fruit.GroupⅣcontained 35 germplasms with middle maturity to late maturity.There was a great difference of the phenotypic traits and a rich genetic diversity of 113 eggplant germplasm resources,which would provide a reference for the resource utiliza-tion and variety breeding.

关 键 词：茄子 种质资源 遗传多样性 表型性状 

分 类 号：S641.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]