急性职业中毒二次事故行为原因研究  

Study on the Causes of Secondary Accidents of Acute Occupational Poisoning

作　　者：刘微[1,2] 孙世梅[1,2] 杨泽霖 王凯[1,2] LIU Wei;SUN Shimei;YANG Zelin;WANG Kai(School of Institute for Accident Prevention Science,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun Jilin 130018,China;School of Emergency Science and Engineering,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun Jilin 130018,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林建筑大学事故预防科学研究院,吉林长春130018 [2]吉林建筑大学应急科学与工程学院,吉林长春130018

出　　处：《安全》2021年第7期74-78,I0002,共6页Safety & Security

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51774149);吉林省安全生产监督管理局科研专项(吉安监规划[2017]287号);国家安全生产监督管理总局安全生产重大事故防治关键技术科技项目(jilin-0001-2016AQ)。

摘　　要：为预防急性职业中毒二次事故的发生,采用事故致因"2-4"模型,研究在安全管理网公示的171起急性职业中毒事故中114起发生二次事故的行为原因,分类并统计各类原因的发生频次概况。结果表明:个人层面事故原因分析中,盲目施救、缺失应急救援演练、未进行针对性应急演练、安全培训不到位、作业过程中无人监护等一次性行为导致事故发生频率最高;不具备相关应急救援知识、操作者不能清醒地认识到现场存在的危险因素贸然救援、管理者应急救援意识淡薄、盲目施救的冲动心理和无知属性等习惯性行为致使事故发生的频率最高;组织层面事故原因分析中,安全管理体系欠缺主要为缺少应急管理制度和应急救援预案。In order to prevent the occurrence of secondary accidents of acute occupational poisoning,the 24Model of accident causes was used to study the causes of 114 secondary accidents in 171 accidents published on safety management network,and the occurrence frequency of various causes was classified and counted.The results show that the occurrence frequency of accidents is the highest in the analysis of personal level accidents because of blind rescue,lacking of emergency rescue drill,failure to carry out targeted emergency drills,and deficiency of safety training;that the frequency of accidents is the highest due to the lack of relevant emergency rescue knowledge,no realizing the risk factors of site,weak emergency rescue consciousness,impulse psychology,and ignorance attribute of blind rescue;that the deficiency of safety management system is mainly the lack of emergency management system and emergency rescue plan in the analysis of the causes of accidents at the organizational level.

关 键 词：“2-4”模型 急性职业中毒 二次事故 

分 类 号：X965[环境科学与工程—安全科学]