泥沙对黏质盐土水分特性及小麦产量的影响  

Amending Saline Clay Soil with Fluvial Sediments to Improve Its Physical Properties and Crop Productivity

作　　者：郭同铠 毛伟兵[1] 孙玉霞[1] 曲英杰 吴佳利 GUO Tongkai;MAO Weibing;SUN Yuxia;QU Yingjie;WU Jiali(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学水利土木工程学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第7期29-35,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GSF109014)。

摘　　要：【目的】确定不同泥沙量对黏质盐土水分状况以及冬小麦产量的影响,探索最适宜泥沙配量。【方法】采用室内压力膜法测定土壤水分特征曲线并且进行田间冬小麦试验,研究了不同泥沙量对土壤水分特征曲线、土壤水分常数、土壤水分形态、土壤水分有效性、田间土壤水分变化和冬小麦产量的影响。【结果】泥沙对土壤水分特征曲线影响明显,同一水吸力下土壤含水率随泥沙施加量增加而降低。土壤水分常数以及土壤水分有效性指标随泥沙施加量增加变化明显,各土壤水分常数指标与泥沙配量整体呈负线性关系。但在0~15.07%范围内,非线性变化明显。田间试验数据显示,泥沙对降低土壤水分和盐分有明显作用。各泥沙处理的土壤水盐变化明显。泥沙对黏质盐土冬小麦产量有提高作用,其中S2—S5处理和S7处理产量提高明显,3 a总产量比对照组分别增产26.47%、26.51%、18.33%、27.27%、30.90%。【结论】综合考虑室内试验以及田间试验得出的泥沙最佳范围,引黄泥沙配施改良黏质盐土的最优泥沙施加量为质量比6.85%。【Objective】Clay soil is less permeable and could become hard for roots to penetrate when soil is drying.These could combine to impede crop growth and reduce crop yield.The aim of this paper is to investigate experimentally the feasibility of using fluvial sediment amendment to improve physical properties of clay soils and the consequence for winter wheat yield.【Method】A three-year experiment was conducted in field,and the sediment used for the amendment was taken from the Yellow river.We amended the clay soil with the sediment at rates ranging from 50 to 350 t/hm^(2),with no amendment taken as the control(CK).The water release curve of each amended soil was measured in laboratory using the pressure-film method,and in the field we measured the change in soil moisture content,bioavailable soil water and the ultimate winter wheat yield.【Result】Amendment with the sediment altered water release curves of the soil significantly,reducing water content under the same matric potential.Both soil moisture and bioavailable water increased with the amount of sediment added in the amendment;the soil water content decreased linearly as the mass of the sediment increased,except for moisture in the range of 0%~14.85%in which their relationship was nonlinear.It was also found that adding the sediment not only reduced soil moisture but also salinity at significant level.These combined to improve winter wheat yield,especially the amendments at rates 50,100,150,200 and 350 t/hm^(2),which increased the three-year average yield by 26.47%,26.51%,18.33%,27.27%and 30.90%respectively,compared with the CK.【Conclusion】Considering changes in soil physical properties,soil water content and crop traits measured in the lab and field,the optimal ratio(weight/weight)to amend the clay soil using the Yellow river sediments was 6.75%.

关 键 词：黏质盐土 泥沙 土壤水分特性 冬小麦产量 土壤水分特征曲线 

分 类 号：S156.42[农业科学—土壤学]