昆明周边4种主要林型地表可燃物的火焰特征  

Flame characteristics of fourmain kinds of surface fuels in main forest types among Kunming City

作　　者：王秋华 张文文 缪秀丽 方向阳 闫想想 龙腾腾 WANG Qiu-hua;ZHANG Wen-wen;MIAO Xiu-li;FANG Xiang-yang;YAN Xiang-xiang;LONG Teng-teng(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control,Faculty of Civil Engineering,Southwest Forestry University,Yunnan Kunming 650024,China;Kunming West Mountain Forest Farm,Yunnan Kunming 650100,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学土木工程学院云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [2]昆明市西山林场,云南昆明650100

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2021年第7期1082-1085,共4页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：云南省农业联合面上项目(2018FG001-055);国家自然科学基金项目(31960318,31660210);云南省教育厅研究生科学研究基金项目(2019Y0145,2020Y0382)。

摘　　要：通过外业调查、采样并测定昆明周边4种主要林型的地表可燃物特征,在实验室内开展燃烧火焰实验,测定引燃时间、火焰维持时间、火焰最大高度、最高温度、火焰颜色和热辐射等,得到火焰特征。结果表明:(1)林内的载量华山松林3.37 kg/m^(2),云南松林2.35 kg/m^(2),麻栎林2.24 kg/m^(2),柏木林1.47 kg/m^(2),达到较大值。(2)火焰颜色都是暗红色,柏木、麻栎的引燃时间为3 s,云南松和华山松皆为1 s,容易被引燃;华山松火焰维持时间最长,为6.34 min,麻栎3.89 min,云南松3.45 min,柏木2.28 min;麻栎最大火焰高度为90 cm,云南松70 cm,华山松50 cm,柏木20 cm;云南松火焰最高温度达到897.5℃,柏木877.5℃,麻栎657.5℃,华山松563.3℃;麻栎最大火焰深度为105 cm,云南松85 cm,华山松63 cm,柏木35 cm;麻栎最大热辐射为7.31 kW/m^(2),云南松6.92 kW/m^(2),华山松6.70 kW/m^(2),柏木3.18 kW/m^(2)。火焰特征差异很明显。Through field investigation,sampling and measuring of surface fuel characteristics of four main forest types in Kunming,flame experiments were carried out in the laboratory to determine the ignition time,flame holding time,maximum height of flame,maximum temperature,flame colors and thermal radiation.The results shown that:(1)the fuel loads of Pinus armandii forest,Pinusyunnanensis forest,Quercusacutissima forest,and Cupressusfunebris forest are 3.37 kg/m^(2),2.35 kg/m^(2),2.24 kg/m^(2),and 1.47 kg/m^(2),respectively.(2)The colors of the flames are dull red and the ignition time of cypress and Quercusacutissima is 3 s,while that of Pinusyunnanensis and Pinusarmandii is 1 s,which should be easily ignited.The longest flame duration was 6.34 min for Pinusarmandii,3.89 min for Quercusacutissima,3.45 min for Pinusyunnanensis and 2.28 min for cypress.The maximum flame height of Quercusacutissima is 90cm,Pinusyunnanensis 70 cm,Pinusarmandii 50 cm and cypress 20 cm.The highest flame temperature of Pinusyunnanensis is 897.5℃,cypress 877.5℃,Quercusacutissima 657.5℃,and Pinusarmandiiis 563.3℃.The maximum flame depth of Quercusacutissima is 105 cm,Pinusyunnanensis 85 cm,Pinusarmandii 63 cm and cypress 35cm.The maximum thermal radiation of Quercusacutissima is 7.31 kW/m^(2),Pinusyunnanensis 6.92 kW/m^(2),Pinusarmandii 6.70 kW/m^(2) and cypress 3.18 kW/m^(2).The flame characteristics of surface fuel of four main forest types around Kunming are very obvious,which is worthy of further studying.The results of this research are helpful to better grasp the characteristics of surface fuel and heat release law of main forest types around Kunming,and to carry out fire prevention management more scientifically and reasonably.

关 键 词：火焰高度 火焰温度 热辐射 地表可燃物 

分 类 号：X959[环境科学与工程—安全科学] S762.1[农业科学—森林保护学]