重金属元素在土壤-蔬菜系统中的迁移富集及其毒性机理研究进展  

Review of migration,bioaccumulation and toxicity of heavy metals in soil-vegetables system

作　　者：李相楹 何腾兵 付天岭 成剑波 LI Xiang-ying;HE Teng-bing;FU Tian-ling;CHENG Jian-bo(Institute of New Rural Development,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学新农村发展研究院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《应用化工》2021年第7期1932-1937,共6页Applied Chemical Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-贵州省人民政府喀斯特科学研究中心项目(U1612442);贵州省生物学一流学科建设项目(GNYL[2017]009)。

摘　　要：结合国内外近年来研究成果,以重金属元素在土壤-蔬菜系统中的迁移富集及其毒性机理为研究对象,通过查阅文献资料,论述了土壤重金属污染来源、蔬菜对重金属的富集特性、重金属元素在蔬菜体内的转运机制、重金属元素的毒性机理。得出以下结论:土壤重金属污染来源可分为自然来源与人为来源。自然来源包括火山爆发、岩石风化侵蚀等一系列自然过程。人为来源主要包括污水灌溉、化肥农药过度使用和污泥的应用、采矿冶炼、固体废弃物、汽车尾气等。各类蔬菜品种对重金属的吸收能力大小依次为叶菜类>根茎类>瓜果类>豆类。重金属主要通过根系进入蔬菜体内,随后通过木质部和韧皮部组织转运到其他部位。重金属富集速度受运转过程中植物螯合物与转运体之间的相互作用影响。重金属会引起蔬菜作物氧化应激反应,扰乱其生理健康,降低产量质量。The present review,combing the domestic and foreign research achievements in recent years,detailed the migration,enrichment and toxicity of heavy metals in soil-vegetables system.According to reviewing literature,it discussed soil heavy metals pollution source,enrichment of heavy metals in vegetables,the transport mechanism of heavy metals in vegetables and toxicity mechanism of heavy metal elements.The results were as follows:The sources of soil heavy metal pollution could be divided into natural and anthropogenic sources.The natural sources included a series of natural processes,such as volcanic eruption,weathering of rocks,and erosion.The anthropogenic sources mainly included sewage irrigation,over-using of fertilizers and pesticides,sludge application,industrial activities,solid waste disposal,mining,smelting,vehicular exhaust and so on.The order of the absorption capacity of various vegetables to heavy metals was as follows:leaf vegetables>root vegetables>melon fruits>beans.Root played a significant role in the uptake of metal ions.Heavy metals were obtained by the roots,and transported to other parts of plants through the xylem and phloem tissues.Each step requires a complex interaction of chelating compounds and metal transporters that affect the rate of metal accumulation.Heavy metals could cause oxidative stress in vegetable crops,disturbed their physiological health and reduce the yields and qualities.

关 键 词：重金属 土壤 蔬菜 毒性 

分 类 号：TQ911[化学工程] S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]